Abstract：
Metals and metalloids are used as weapons for predatory feeding by unicellular eukaryotes on prokaryotes. This review emphasizes the role of metal(loid) bioavailability over the course of Earth\'s history, coupled with eukaryogenesis and the evolution of the mitochondrion to trace the emergence and use of the metal(loid) prey-killing phagosome as a feeding strategy. Members of the genera Acanthamoeba and Dictyostelium use metals such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and possibly metalloids, to kill their bacterial prey after phagocytosis. We provide a potential timeline on when these capacities first evolved and how they correlate with perceived changes in metal(loid) bioavailability through Earth\'s history. The origin of phagotrophic eukaryotes must have postdated the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) in agreement with redox-dependent modification of metal(loid) bioavailability for phagotrophic poisoning. However, this predatory mechanism is predicted to have evolved much later - closer to the origin of the multicellular metazoans and the evolutionary development of the immune systems.
摘要：
金属和类金属被用作单细胞真核生物对原核生物的掠夺性进食的武器。这篇综述强调了金属(类)生物利用度在地球历史过程中的作用，再加上真核发生和线粒体的进化，以追踪金属（类）捕食吞噬体的出现和使用作为喂养策略。棘阿米巴属和木偶属的成员使用金属，例如锌（Zn）和铜（Cu），可能还有准金属，吞噬后杀死它们的细菌猎物。我们提供了一个潜在的时间表，说明这些能力何时首次进化，以及它们如何与地球历史上金属生物利用度的感知变化相关。吞噬型真核生物的起源必须在大氧化事件（GOE）之后进行，这与氧化还原依赖性的金属（类）生物利用度修饰有关，以进行吞噬型中毒。然而,这种捕食机制预计进化得更晚-更接近多细胞后生动物的起源和免疫系统的进化发展。
