Abstract：
The Costa Rican Paso Horse (CPC) is a breed developed in Costa Rica. The objectives were to estimate the genetic structure and evaluate the levels of genetic variability of the population. The genotypes of 14 microsatellites in 3654 records (2052 females and 1602 males) were analyzed. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (CIP), fixation index (FIS), Shannon index, as well as Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (DHW) were evaluated. Kinship relationships (Rij) were estimated throughout the entire population. The effective population size (Ne) was calculated, alternating allele frequencies less than 0.05, 0.02 and 0.01. The Bayesian clustering study was carried out to infer how many lines are appropriate from the analysis of genotypes using multiple loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 17, with an average value of 9.6; nine loci presented DHW (P < 0.05); two loci presented negative FIS values, the same as Ho > He; the average of CIP, Ho and He was 0.254, 0.756 and 0.785, respectively. At the 12 loci where He > Ho, the differences ranged from 0.002 to 0.341 (0.036 on average). For Ne, the estimates were 201.9, 230.1, and 241.5. In the Rij, 54.86% of the estimates were in the interval of 0.01 to 77.7%. The number of lines that define the population corresponds to three, with an approximate composition of 33.1%, 32.4% and 34.5%, respectively. The CPC, as a subdivided population with DHW and a reduction in heterozygotes may be associated with possible Wahlund effects. Keywords: Wahlund effect, equines, genetic markers, synthetic breed, Hardy Weinberg.
摘要：
哥斯达黎加帕索马（CPC）是在哥斯达黎加开发的品种。目的是估计遗传结构并评估种群的遗传变异性水平。分析了3654个记录（2052个女性和1602个男性）中14个微卫星的基因型。预期(He)和观察(Ho)杂合性，多态信息内容(CIP)，固定指数（FIS），香农指数,以及Hardy-Weinberg不平衡(DHW)进行了评估。在整个人口中估计了亲属关系（Rij）。计算有效种群规模(Ne)，交替等位基因频率小于0.05、0.02和0.01。进行贝叶斯聚类研究以从使用多个基因座的基因型分析中推断有多少品系是合适的。每个基因座的等位基因数在7到17之间，平均值为9.6；9个基因座呈现DHW（P<0.05）；2个基因座呈现负FIS值，与Ho>He相同；CIP的平均值，Ho和He分别为0.254、0.756和0.785。在他>Ho的12个地点，差异范围从0.002到0.341（平均0.036）。对于Ne来说,估计为201.9、230.1和241.5。在Rij中,54.86%的估计值在0.01至77.7%的区间内。定义种群的行数对应于三条，大致组成为33.1%，32.4%和34.5%，分别。中国共产党,作为DHW的细分人群，杂合子的减少可能与可能的Wahlund效应有关。关键词：Wahlund效应，马科,遗传标记,合成品种,哈代·温伯格.
