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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oilseed crop with substantial medicinal and economic value. However, the methods for constructing safflower core germplasm resources are limited, and the molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in safflower seeds are not well understood.
RESULTS: In this study, 11 oil-related quantitative traits and 50 pairs of InDel markers were used to assess the diversity of a collection of 605 safflower germplasms. The original safflower germplasm exhibited rich phenotypic diversity, with high variation for most of the phenotypic traits under investigation. Similarly, high genetic diversity was evaluated in the original germplasm, in which the mean Shannon\'s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (H0), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.553, 0.182, and 0.374, respectively. Four subgroups with strong genetic structures were identified and a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed, which is well represented in the original germplasm. Meanwhile, differential expression analysis of the transcriptomes of high and low linoleic acid safflower varieties at two stages of seed development identified a total of 47 genes associated with lipid biosynthesis. High expression of the genes KAS II and SAD enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of oleic acid, while FAD genes like FAD2 (Chr8G0104100), FAD3, FAD7 and FAD8 promoted the consumption of oleic acid conversion. The coordinated regulation of these multiple genes ensures the high accumulation of oleic acid in safflower seed oil.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed and 47 candidate genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid accumulation were identified. These results not only provide guidance for further studies to elucidate the molecular basis of oil lipid accumulation in safflower seeds, but also contribute to safflower cultivar improvements.
RESULTS: In this study, 11 oil-related quantitative traits and 50 pairs of InDel markers were used to assess the diversity of a collection of 605 safflower germplasms. The original safflower germplasm exhibited rich phenotypic diversity, with high variation for most of the phenotypic traits under investigation. Similarly, high genetic diversity was evaluated in the original germplasm, in which the mean Shannon\'s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (H0), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.553, 0.182, and 0.374, respectively. Four subgroups with strong genetic structures were identified and a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed, which is well represented in the original germplasm. Meanwhile, differential expression analysis of the transcriptomes of high and low linoleic acid safflower varieties at two stages of seed development identified a total of 47 genes associated with lipid biosynthesis. High expression of the genes KAS II and SAD enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of oleic acid, while FAD genes like FAD2 (Chr8G0104100), FAD3, FAD7 and FAD8 promoted the consumption of oleic acid conversion. The coordinated regulation of these multiple genes ensures the high accumulation of oleic acid in safflower seed oil.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed and 47 candidate genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid accumulation were identified. These results not only provide guidance for further studies to elucidate the molecular basis of oil lipid accumulation in safflower seeds, but also contribute to safflower cultivar improvements.
摘要：
背景：红花（CarthamustinctoriusL.）是一种具有巨大药用和经济价值的油料作物。然而,构建红花核心种质资源的方法有限，红花种子中脂质生物合成的分子机制尚不清楚。
结果：在这项研究中，使用11个与油相关的数量性状和50对InDel标记来评估605份红花种质的多样性。原始红花种质表现出丰富的表型多样性,研究中的大多数表型性状具有很高的变异。同样，在原始种质中评估了高遗传多样性，其中平均香农信息指数(I)，观测杂合性(H0)，期望杂合度(He)分别为0.553、0.182和0.374。确定了四个具有强遗传结构的亚组，并构建了214个品种的核心种质。这在原始种质中得到了很好的体现。同时,在种子发育的两个阶段，高亚油酸和低亚油酸红花品种的转录组的差异表达分析确定了总共47个与脂质生物合成相关的基因。KASII和SAD基因的高表达增强了油酸的合成和积累，而FAD基因如FAD2（Chr8G0104100），FAD3、FAD7和FAD8促进了油酸转化的消耗。这些多基因的协同调控保证了油酸在红花籽油中的高积累。
结论：基于这些发现，构建了214个品种的核心种质，并鉴定了47个与不饱和脂肪酸生物合成和脂质积累相关的候选基因。这些结果不仅为进一步阐明红花种子油脂积累的分子基础提供了指导。也有助于红花品种的改良。
结果：在这项研究中，使用11个与油相关的数量性状和50对InDel标记来评估605份红花种质的多样性。原始红花种质表现出丰富的表型多样性,研究中的大多数表型性状具有很高的变异。同样，在原始种质中评估了高遗传多样性，其中平均香农信息指数(I)，观测杂合性(H0)，期望杂合度(He)分别为0.553、0.182和0.374。确定了四个具有强遗传结构的亚组，并构建了214个品种的核心种质。这在原始种质中得到了很好的体现。同时,在种子发育的两个阶段，高亚油酸和低亚油酸红花品种的转录组的差异表达分析确定了总共47个与脂质生物合成相关的基因。KASII和SAD基因的高表达增强了油酸的合成和积累，而FAD基因如FAD2（Chr8G0104100），FAD3、FAD7和FAD8促进了油酸转化的消耗。这些多基因的协同调控保证了油酸在红花籽油中的高积累。
结论：基于这些发现，构建了214个品种的核心种质，并鉴定了47个与不饱和脂肪酸生物合成和脂质积累相关的候选基因。这些结果不仅为进一步阐明红花种子油脂积累的分子基础提供了指导。也有助于红花品种的改良。
