Abstract：
In-building disinfectants are commonly applied to control the growth of pathogens in plumbing, particularly in facilities such as hospitals that house vulnerable populations. However, their application has not been well optimized, especially with respect to interactive effects with pipe materials and potential unintended effects, such as enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across the microbial community. Here, we used triplicate convectively mixed pipe reactors consisting of three pipe materials (PVC, copper, and iron) for replicated simulation of the distal reaches of premise plumbing and evaluated the effects of incrementally increased doses of chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, and copper-silver disinfectants. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize the resulting succession of the corresponding microbiomes over the course of 37 weeks. We found that both disinfectants and pipe material affected ARG and microbial community taxonomic composition both independently and interactively. Water quality and total bacterial numbers were not found to be predictive of pathogenic species markers. One result of particular concern was the tendency of disinfectants, especially monochloramine, to enrich ARGs. Metagenome assembly indicated that many ARGs were enriched specifically among the pathogenic species. Functional gene analysis was indicative of a response of the microbes to oxidative stress, which is known to co/cross-select for antibiotic resistance. These findings emphasize the need for a holistic evaluation of pathogen control strategies for plumbing.
摘要：
建筑物内消毒剂通常用于控制管道中病原体的生长，特别是在诸如容纳弱势群体的医院之类的设施中。然而,他们的应用没有得到很好的优化，特别是与管道材料的交互效应和潜在的非预期效应，例如在微生物群落中富集抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)。这里,我们使用了一式三份对流混合管式反应器，由三种管材(PVC，铜，andiron)forreplicatedsimulationoftheterminalreachesofthepremisespipbingandevaluatedtheeffectsofincrementallyincreaseddamagesofchlorin,氯胺，二氧化氯,和铜银消毒剂。我们使用鸟枪宏基因组测序来表征在37周的过程中相应微生物组的演替。我们发现消毒剂和管道材料都独立且相互作用地影响ARG和微生物群落分类组成。未发现水质和细菌总数可预测病原物种标记。特别令人关注的一个结果是消毒剂的趋势，尤其是一氯胺，丰富ARG。宏基因组组装表明，许多ARGs在致病物种中被特异性富集。功能基因分析表明微生物对氧化应激的反应，已知共/交叉选择抗生素抗性。这些发现强调了对管道病原体控制策略进行全面评估的必要性。
