PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection is associated with upper respiratory disease, EHM, abortions, and neonatal death.
OBJECTIVE: Are nasal secretions a more sensitive biological sample compared to blood for the detection of EHV-1 infection? How long is EHV-1 detectable after primary infection by PCR?
METHODS: MedLine and Web of Science searches identified original peer-reviewed reports evaluating nasal shedding and viremia using virus isolation methods or PCR published in English before October 9, 2023.
RESULTS: Sixty experimental and 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria. EHV-1 detection frequency by qPCR in nasal secretions and blood from naturally-infected horses with fever and respiratory signs were 15% and 9%, respectively; qPCR detection rates in nasal secretions and blood from horses with suspected EHM were 94% and 70%, respectively. In experimental studies the sensitivity of qPCR matched or exceeded that seen for virus isolation from either nasal secretions or blood. Detection of nasal shedding typically occurred within 2 days after EHV-1 inoculation with a detection period of 3 to 7 days. Viremia lasted 2 to 7 days and was usually detected ≥1 days after positive identification of EHV-1 in nasal secretions. Nasal shedding and viremia decreased over time and remained detectable in some horses for several weeks after inoculation.
CONCLUSIONS: Under experimental conditions, blood and nasal secretions have similar sensitivity for the detection of EHV-1 when horses are sampled on multiple consecutive days. In contrast, in observational studies detection of EHV-1 in nasal secretions was consistently more successful.
OBJECTIVE: Are nasal secretions a more sensitive biological sample compared to blood for the detection of EHV-1 infection? How long is EHV-1 detectable after primary infection by PCR?
METHODS: MedLine and Web of Science searches identified original peer-reviewed reports evaluating nasal shedding and viremia using virus isolation methods or PCR published in English before October 9, 2023.
RESULTS: Sixty experimental and 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria. EHV-1 detection frequency by qPCR in nasal secretions and blood from naturally-infected horses with fever and respiratory signs were 15% and 9%, respectively; qPCR detection rates in nasal secretions and blood from horses with suspected EHM were 94% and 70%, respectively. In experimental studies the sensitivity of qPCR matched or exceeded that seen for virus isolation from either nasal secretions or blood. Detection of nasal shedding typically occurred within 2 days after EHV-1 inoculation with a detection period of 3 to 7 days. Viremia lasted 2 to 7 days and was usually detected ≥1 days after positive identification of EHV-1 in nasal secretions. Nasal shedding and viremia decreased over time and remained detectable in some horses for several weeks after inoculation.
CONCLUSIONS: Under experimental conditions, blood and nasal secretions have similar sensitivity for the detection of EHV-1 when horses are sampled on multiple consecutive days. In contrast, in observational studies detection of EHV-1 in nasal secretions was consistently more successful.
摘要：
背景：马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）感染与上呼吸道疾病有关，EHM,堕胎,新生儿死亡。
目的：对于检测EHV-1感染，与血液相比，鼻腔分泌物是更敏感的生物样本吗？通过PCR在初次感染后可检测到EHV-1多长时间？
方法：MedLine和WebofScience搜索确定了在2023年10月9日之前使用病毒分离方法或英文PCR评估鼻腔脱落和病毒血症的原始同行评审报告。
结果：60项实验性研究和20项观察性研究符合纳入标准。通过qPCR在自然感染的发烧和呼吸体征的马匹的鼻腔分泌物和血液中检测EHV-1的频率分别为15％和9％，qPCR在疑似EHM的马的鼻腔分泌物和血液中的检出率分别为94%和70%，分别。在实验研究中,qPCR的灵敏度匹配或超过从鼻分泌物或血液中分离病毒的灵敏度。鼻脱落的检测通常发生在EHV-1接种后2天内,检测期为3至7天。病毒血症持续2至7天，通常在鼻分泌物中EHV-1阳性鉴定后≥1天检测到。鼻腔脱落和病毒血症随着时间的推移而减少，并且在接种后几周内仍可检测到某些马。
结论：在实验条件下，当连续多日对马进行采样时,血液和鼻腔分泌物对EHV-1的检测具有相似的灵敏度.相比之下,在观察性研究中,鼻腔分泌物中EHV-1的检测始终更为成功.
目的：对于检测EHV-1感染，与血液相比，鼻腔分泌物是更敏感的生物样本吗？通过PCR在初次感染后可检测到EHV-1多长时间？
方法：MedLine和WebofScience搜索确定了在2023年10月9日之前使用病毒分离方法或英文PCR评估鼻腔脱落和病毒血症的原始同行评审报告。
结果：60项实验性研究和20项观察性研究符合纳入标准。通过qPCR在自然感染的发烧和呼吸体征的马匹的鼻腔分泌物和血液中检测EHV-1的频率分别为15％和9％，qPCR在疑似EHM的马的鼻腔分泌物和血液中的检出率分别为94%和70%，分别。在实验研究中,qPCR的灵敏度匹配或超过从鼻分泌物或血液中分离病毒的灵敏度。鼻脱落的检测通常发生在EHV-1接种后2天内,检测期为3至7天。病毒血症持续2至7天，通常在鼻分泌物中EHV-1阳性鉴定后≥1天检测到。鼻腔脱落和病毒血症随着时间的推移而减少，并且在接种后几周内仍可检测到某些马。
结论：在实验条件下，当连续多日对马进行采样时,血液和鼻腔分泌物对EHV-1的检测具有相似的灵敏度.相比之下,在观察性研究中,鼻腔分泌物中EHV-1的检测始终更为成功.
