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Abstract：
Taxanes are the best-known compounds in Taxus cuspidata owing to their strong anticancer effects. However, the traditional taxanes extraction method is the solid-liquid extraction method, which is limited by a large energy consumption and low yield. Therefore, it is urgent to find an efficient method for taxanes extraction. The ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction (UME) method integrates the cavitation effect of ultrasound and the intensifying heat transfer (ionic conduction and dipole rotation of molecules) effect of microwave to accelerate the release of intracellular compounds and is used in active ingredient extractions. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of UME in extracting taxanes from T. cuspidata needles (dichloromethane-ethanol as extractant). A single-factor experiment, Plackett-Burman design, and the response surface method showed that the optimal UME parameters for taxanes extraction were an ultrasonic power of 300 W, a microwave power of 215 W, and 130 sieve meshes. Under these conditions, the taxanes yield was 570.32 μg/g, which increased by 13.41% and 41.63% compared with the ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) treatments, respectively. The reasons for the differences in the taxanes yield were revealed by comparing the physicochemical properties of T. cuspidata residues after the UME, US, and MW treatments. The cell structures were significantly damaged after the UME treatment, and numerous tiny holes were observed on the surface. The absorption peaks of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin increased significantly in intensity, and the lowest peak temperature (307.40 °C), with a melting enthalpy of -5.19 J/g, was found after the UME treatment compared with the US and MW treatments. These results demonstrate that UME is an effective method (570.32 μg/g) to extract taxanes from T. cuspidata needles by destroying cellular structures.
摘要：
紫杉烷由于其强大的抗癌作用而成为红豆杉中最著名的化合物。然而,传统的紫杉烷提取方法是固液提取法，这是由一个大的能源消耗和低产量的限制。因此,迫切需要找到一种有效的紫杉烷类化合物提取方法。超声微波协同提取(UME)方法综合了超声的空化效应和微波的强化传热(离子传导和分子的偶极旋转)效应,以加速细胞内化合物的释放,并用于活性成分提取。本研究旨在评估UME从虎杖针中提取紫杉烷（二氯甲烷-乙醇作为提取剂）的性能。单因素实验,Plackett-Burman设计，响应面法表明，紫杉烷提取的最佳UME参数为超声功率为300W，215W的微波功率,和130个筛孔。在这些条件下,紫杉烷的产量为570.32μg/g，与超声（US）和微波（MW）治疗相比，分别增加了13.41％和41.63％，分别。紫杉烷产率差异的原因是通过比较UME后虎尾草残留的物理化学性质来揭示的，US,和MW治疗。UME处理后细胞结构明显受损，在表面上观察到许多小孔。纤维素的吸收峰，半纤维素,木质素的强度显著增加，和最低峰值温度（307.40°C），熔化焓为-5.19J/g，与美国和MW治疗相比，在UME治疗后发现。这些结果表明，UME是通过破坏细胞结构从虎杖针中提取紫杉烷的有效方法（570.32μg/g）。
