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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Design thinking (DT) competence, a creative problem-solving ability, has been investigated extensively among college students in various professional fields within the western cultures. No instrument, however, is available for assessing DT competence in nursing students, particularly, those in non-western cultures.
OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the use of Creative Synthesis Inventory (CSI) assessing the four components (i.e., visualization, discovery, prototyping, and evaluation) of DT competence in nursing students in Taiwan.
METHODS: Cross-sectional, mixed methodological design combining qualitative and quantitative strategies.
METHODS: A 19-item CSI was administered to a total of 520 nursing students from two campuses of a science and technology university in Taiwan. The data collection was conducted between September 2020 and June 2022.
METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of CSI-Taiwan was done in two phases: Phase I included content validity check, translation, and cross-cultural adaptation. Phase II involved pilot testing and psychometric evaluation.
RESULTS: A first-order confirmatory factor analysis validated the four-component structure, namely visualization, discovery, prototyping, and evaluation, of an 18-item CSI-Taiwan (model fit indices: χ2/df = 3.953, NNFI = 0.942, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.035, and RMSEA = 0.075). A second-order confirmatory factor analysis further indicated that the four components converged on a unitary construct of DT competence (model fit indices: χ2/df = 4.082, NNFI = 0.935, CFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.940, SRMR = 0.040, and RMSEA = 0.080). Moreover, the CSI-Taiwan also demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity. Together these results validated the construct of DT competence and its components as theorized.
CONCLUSIONS: The CSI-Taiwan was a reliable and valid self-report instrument to be used by Taiwanese nursing students.
OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the use of Creative Synthesis Inventory (CSI) assessing the four components (i.e., visualization, discovery, prototyping, and evaluation) of DT competence in nursing students in Taiwan.
METHODS: Cross-sectional, mixed methodological design combining qualitative and quantitative strategies.
METHODS: A 19-item CSI was administered to a total of 520 nursing students from two campuses of a science and technology university in Taiwan. The data collection was conducted between September 2020 and June 2022.
METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of CSI-Taiwan was done in two phases: Phase I included content validity check, translation, and cross-cultural adaptation. Phase II involved pilot testing and psychometric evaluation.
RESULTS: A first-order confirmatory factor analysis validated the four-component structure, namely visualization, discovery, prototyping, and evaluation, of an 18-item CSI-Taiwan (model fit indices: χ2/df = 3.953, NNFI = 0.942, CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.035, and RMSEA = 0.075). A second-order confirmatory factor analysis further indicated that the four components converged on a unitary construct of DT competence (model fit indices: χ2/df = 4.082, NNFI = 0.935, CFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.940, SRMR = 0.040, and RMSEA = 0.080). Moreover, the CSI-Taiwan also demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity. Together these results validated the construct of DT competence and its components as theorized.
CONCLUSIONS: The CSI-Taiwan was a reliable and valid self-report instrument to be used by Taiwanese nursing students.
摘要：
背景：设计思维（DT）能力，创造性的解决问题的能力，在西方文化中的各个专业领域的大学生中进行了广泛的调查。没有仪器,然而,可用于评估护理专业学生的DT能力，特别是,那些在非西方文化。
目标：适应和验证创意综合清单（CSI）的使用，以评估四个组成部分（即，可视化,发现,原型设计,和评估)台湾护生的DT能力。
方法：横截面，定性和定量相结合的混合方法论设计。
方法：对台湾某科技大学两个校区的520名护理专业学生进行了19项CSI。数据收集是在2020年9月至2022年6月之间进行的。
方法：CSI-台湾的跨文化适应和验证分为两个阶段：第一阶段包括内容有效性检查，翻译,和跨文化适应。第二阶段涉及试点测试和心理评估。
结果：一阶验证性因子分析验证了四成分结构，即可视化，发现,原型设计,和评估，18个项目的CSI-台湾（模型拟合指数：χ2/df=3.953，NNFI=0.942，CFI=0.956，TLI=0.947，SRMR=0.035，RMSEA=0.075）。二阶验证性因素分析进一步表明，四个组成部分收敛于DT能力的单一结构（模型拟合指数：χ2/df=4.082，NNFI=0.935，CFI=0.949，TLI=0.940，SRMR=0.040，RMSEA=0.080）。此外，CSI-台湾也表现出令人满意的信度和效度。这些结果共同验证了理论上的DT能力及其组成部分的构造。
结论：CSI-台湾是台湾护理专业学生使用的可靠有效的自我报告工具。
目标：适应和验证创意综合清单（CSI）的使用，以评估四个组成部分（即，可视化,发现,原型设计,和评估)台湾护生的DT能力。
方法：横截面，定性和定量相结合的混合方法论设计。
方法：对台湾某科技大学两个校区的520名护理专业学生进行了19项CSI。数据收集是在2020年9月至2022年6月之间进行的。
方法：CSI-台湾的跨文化适应和验证分为两个阶段：第一阶段包括内容有效性检查，翻译,和跨文化适应。第二阶段涉及试点测试和心理评估。
结果：一阶验证性因子分析验证了四成分结构，即可视化，发现,原型设计,和评估，18个项目的CSI-台湾（模型拟合指数：χ2/df=3.953，NNFI=0.942，CFI=0.956，TLI=0.947，SRMR=0.035，RMSEA=0.075）。二阶验证性因素分析进一步表明，四个组成部分收敛于DT能力的单一结构（模型拟合指数：χ2/df=4.082，NNFI=0.935，CFI=0.949，TLI=0.940，SRMR=0.040，RMSEA=0.080）。此外，CSI-台湾也表现出令人满意的信度和效度。这些结果共同验证了理论上的DT能力及其组成部分的构造。
结论：CSI-台湾是台湾护理专业学生使用的可靠有效的自我报告工具。
