Abstract：
In the last decade, it has become evident that various RNA viruses infect helminths including Order Ascaridida. However, there is still no information available for viruses infecting Anisakis. We herewith demonstrate the presence of a novel rhabdovirus from Anisakis larvae detected by next-generation sequencing analysis and following RT-PCR. We determined the nearly all nucleotide sequence (12,376 nucleotides) of the viral genome composed of seven open reading frames, and we designated the virus as Suzukana rhabdo-like virus (SkRV). BLASTx search indicated that SkRV is a novel virus belonging to the subfamily Betanemrhavirus, rhabdovirus infecting parasitic nematodes of the Order Ascaridida. SkRV sequence was detectable only in the total RNA but not in the genomic DNA of Anisakis, ruling out the possibility of SkRV being an endogenous viral element incorporated into the host genomic DNA. When we individually tested Anisakis larvae obtained from Scomber japonicus migrating in the coastal waters of Japan, not all but around 40% were SkRV-positive. In the phylogenetic trees of Betanemrhavirus and of the host Ascaridida nematodes, we observed that evolutional distances of viruses were, to some extent, parallel with that of host nematodes, suggesting that viral evolution could have been correlated with evolution of the host. Although biological significance of SkRV on Anisakis larvae is still remained unknown, it is interesting if SkRV were somehow related to the pathogenesis of anisakiasis, because it is important matter of public health in Japan and European countries consuming raw marine fishes.
摘要：
在过去的十年里，很明显，各种RNA病毒感染蠕虫，包括Ascariida。然而,仍然没有关于感染Anisakis的病毒的信息。我们在此证明了通过下一代测序分析和RT-PCR检测到的Anisakis幼虫中存在新型弹状病毒。我们确定了由七个开放阅读框组成的病毒基因组的几乎所有核苷酸序列（12,376个核苷酸），我们将该病毒命名为铃鹿弹跳病毒（SkRV）。BLASTx搜索表明，SkRV是一种属于Betanemrhavirus亚科的新型病毒，横纹肌病毒感染蛔虫的寄生线虫。SkRV序列仅在Anisakis的总RNA中检测到，而在Anisakis的基因组DNA中检测不到，排除SkRV是掺入宿主基因组DNA中的内源性病毒元件的可能性。当我们单独测试从日本沿海水域迁移的日本刺槐获得的异语幼虫时，不是所有的，但大约40%的人是SkRV阳性。在Betanemrhavirus和寄主A线虫的系统发育树中，我们观察到病毒的进化距离是，在某种程度上,与寄主线虫平行，这表明病毒的进化可能与宿主的进化有关。尽管SkRV对异尖线虫幼虫的生物学意义仍然未知，有趣的是，如果SkRV与anisakiasis的发病机理有关，因为这是日本和欧洲国家食用生海鱼的重要公共卫生问题。
