PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Background: Close friends are often an overlooked group of bereaved people. This study is based on a sub-project on young adults who experienced the loss of a close friend in the terrorist attack on Utøya, Norway, on 22 July 2011.Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore the relationship between complicated grief reactions, the need for help, and help received after losing a close friend to a traumatic death.Method: In total, data from 89 people (with a mean age of 21 years, 76.4% female) were collected at one or more of the four time-points: 18, 28, 40, and 102 months after the incident. Latent growth modelling was used to analyse levels of grief reactions and change over time, experienced need for help, and help received.Results: According to the results, the bereaved friends in our study were profoundly impacted by the loss and experienced level of reactions indicating complicated grief (mean scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief varied from 36.2 to 23.7). A need for help was related to a decrease in grief symptoms, whereas a prolonged need for help was related to no reduction or an increase in grief. Received help was not related to decrease in grief symptoms.Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for continuous professional help, and demonstrate that the present help measures used after traumatic events may not adequately meet the needs of close bereaved friends. This emphasizes the importance of acknowledging friends as bereaved and that follow-up measures should also include this group. Finally, the study highlights the need to learn more about how professional can help bereaved friends.
Young adults who experience the traumatic loss of a close friend may experience levels of grief reactions indicating complicated grief.The need for help reported after experiencing the loss of a close friend is high; this is also the case when some time has passed since the loss.Bereaved friends need more acknowledgement, and help measures after traumatic events often do not meet their need for help and follow-up after the loss.
Young adults who experience the traumatic loss of a close friend may experience levels of grief reactions indicating complicated grief.The need for help reported after experiencing the loss of a close friend is high; this is also the case when some time has passed since the loss.Bereaved friends need more acknowledgement, and help measures after traumatic events often do not meet their need for help and follow-up after the loss.
摘要：
背景：亲密的朋友往往是一群被忽视的失去亲人的人。这项研究是基于一个子项目，该项目涉及在Utøya恐怖袭击中失去密友的年轻人，挪威,2011年7月22日。目的：这项纵向研究的目的是探讨复杂的悲伤反应之间的关系，需要帮助,以及在失去一位亲密朋友后因创伤性死亡而获得的帮助。方法：总的来说，来自89人的数据(平均年龄为21岁，76.4％的女性）在事件发生后的四个时间点中的一个或多个时间点收集：18、28、40和102个月。潜在增长模型用于分析悲伤反应的水平和随时间的变化，有经验的需要帮助，得到的帮助。结果:根据结果,在我们的研究中，失去亲人的朋友受到了损失的深刻影响，并且经历了表明复杂悲伤的反应水平（复杂悲伤清单的平均得分从36.2到23.7不等）。需要帮助与悲伤症状的减少有关，而长期需要帮助与悲伤没有减少或增加有关。获得帮助与悲伤症状的减少无关。结论：这些发现强调了对持续专业帮助的需求，并证明在创伤事件后使用的当前帮助措施可能不足以满足失去亲人的朋友的需求。这强调了承认朋友是失去亲人的重要性，后续措施也应包括这一群体。最后,这项研究强调需要更多地了解专业人士如何帮助失去亲人的朋友。
经历亲密朋友的创伤性损失的年轻人可能会经历悲伤反应的程度，这表明悲伤是复杂的。在经历了一个亲密的朋友的损失后报告的帮助需求很高;这也是这种情况，因为损失已经过去了一段时间。失去亲人的朋友需要更多的承认，创伤事件后的帮助措施往往不能满足他们失去后的帮助和后续行动的需要。
经历亲密朋友的创伤性损失的年轻人可能会经历悲伤反应的程度，这表明悲伤是复杂的。在经历了一个亲密的朋友的损失后报告的帮助需求很高;这也是这种情况，因为损失已经过去了一段时间。失去亲人的朋友需要更多的承认，创伤事件后的帮助措施往往不能满足他们失去后的帮助和后续行动的需要。
