Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Management of children following a drowning incident is based on specific interventions which are used in the prehospital environment, the emergency department (ED) and the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). This paper presents a review of the literature to map and describe the management and interventions used by healthcare professionals when managing a child following a drowning incident. Of specific interest was to map, synthesise and describe the management and interventions according to the different clinical domains or practice areas of healthcare professionals.
METHODS: A traditional review of the literature was performed to appraise, map and describe information from 32 relevant articles. Four electronic databases were searched using search strings and the Boolean operators AND as well as OR. The included articles were all published in English between 2010 and 2022, as it comprised a timeline including current guidelines and practices necessary to describe management and interventions.
RESULTS: Concepts and phrases from the literature were used as headings to form a picture or overview of the interventions used for managing a child following a drowning incident. Information extracted from the literature was mapped under management and interventions for prehospital, the ED and the PICU and a figure was constructed to display the findings. It was evident from the literature that management and interventions are well researched, evidence-informed and discussed, but no clear arguments or examples could be found to link the interventions for integrated management from the scene of drowning through to the PICU. Cooling and/or rewarming techniques and approaches and termination of resuscitation were found to be discussed as interventions, but no evidence of integration from prehospital to the ED and beyond was found. The review also highlighted the absence of parental involvement in the management of children following a drowning incident.
CONCLUSIONS: Mapping the literature enables visualisation of management and interventions used for children following a drowning incident. Integration of these interventions can collaboratively be done by involving the healthcare practitioners to form a link or chain for integrated management from the scene of drowning through to the PICU.
METHODS: A traditional review of the literature was performed to appraise, map and describe information from 32 relevant articles. Four electronic databases were searched using search strings and the Boolean operators AND as well as OR. The included articles were all published in English between 2010 and 2022, as it comprised a timeline including current guidelines and practices necessary to describe management and interventions.
RESULTS: Concepts and phrases from the literature were used as headings to form a picture or overview of the interventions used for managing a child following a drowning incident. Information extracted from the literature was mapped under management and interventions for prehospital, the ED and the PICU and a figure was constructed to display the findings. It was evident from the literature that management and interventions are well researched, evidence-informed and discussed, but no clear arguments or examples could be found to link the interventions for integrated management from the scene of drowning through to the PICU. Cooling and/or rewarming techniques and approaches and termination of resuscitation were found to be discussed as interventions, but no evidence of integration from prehospital to the ED and beyond was found. The review also highlighted the absence of parental involvement in the management of children following a drowning incident.
CONCLUSIONS: Mapping the literature enables visualisation of management and interventions used for children following a drowning incident. Integration of these interventions can collaboratively be done by involving the healthcare practitioners to form a link or chain for integrated management from the scene of drowning through to the PICU.
摘要：
目的：溺水事件后儿童的管理基于院前环境中使用的特定干预措施，急诊科（ED）和儿科重症监护病房（PICU）。本文对文献进行了回顾，以绘制和描述医疗保健专业人员在溺水事件后管理儿童时使用的管理和干预措施。特别感兴趣的是地图，根据医疗保健专业人员的不同临床领域或实践领域，综合和描述管理和干预措施。
方法：对文献进行传统回顾以评估，从32条相关文章中映射和描述信息。使用搜索字符串和布尔运算符AND以及OR搜索了四个电子数据库。所包括的文章都是在2010年至2022年之间以英文发表的，因为它包含了一个时间表，其中包括描述管理和干预措施所必需的当前指南和实践。
结果：文献中的概念和短语被用作标题，以形成溺水事件后用于管理儿童的干预措施的图片或概述。从文献中提取的信息被绘制在院前管理和干预措施下，ED和PICU以及一个图表显示了这些发现.从文献中可以明显看出，管理和干预措施得到了很好的研究，证据知情和讨论，但没有明确的论据或例子可以将溺水现场的综合管理干预措施与PICU联系起来.冷却和/或复温技术和方法以及终止复苏被认为是干预措施。但没有发现从院前到ED及以后整合的证据.审查还强调了溺水事件后父母没有参与儿童的管理。
结论：绘制文献能够可视化溺水事件后儿童的管理和干预措施。这些干预措施的整合可以通过让医疗保健从业人员参与进来，形成从溺水现场到PICU的综合管理链接或链条来协作完成。
方法：对文献进行传统回顾以评估，从32条相关文章中映射和描述信息。使用搜索字符串和布尔运算符AND以及OR搜索了四个电子数据库。所包括的文章都是在2010年至2022年之间以英文发表的，因为它包含了一个时间表，其中包括描述管理和干预措施所必需的当前指南和实践。
结果：文献中的概念和短语被用作标题，以形成溺水事件后用于管理儿童的干预措施的图片或概述。从文献中提取的信息被绘制在院前管理和干预措施下，ED和PICU以及一个图表显示了这些发现.从文献中可以明显看出，管理和干预措施得到了很好的研究，证据知情和讨论，但没有明确的论据或例子可以将溺水现场的综合管理干预措施与PICU联系起来.冷却和/或复温技术和方法以及终止复苏被认为是干预措施。但没有发现从院前到ED及以后整合的证据.审查还强调了溺水事件后父母没有参与儿童的管理。
结论：绘制文献能够可视化溺水事件后儿童的管理和干预措施。这些干预措施的整合可以通过让医疗保健从业人员参与进来，形成从溺水现场到PICU的综合管理链接或链条来协作完成。
