PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Fall screening tools aim to accurately identify the high fall risk individuals. To increase ease of administration and cost-effectiveness many studies focus on question-based tools. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify question-based tools for fall risk assessment in community-dwelling older adults over the age of 60 and the risk factors that are covered by these tools. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Data quality assessment was performed with the Ottawa-Newcastle scale. The results identified 20 studies that used 22 question-based tools to assess fall risk. The number of questions per tool varied from 1 to 41 questions. Data quality varied greatly, with values 3-9 for cohort and 2-7 for cross-sectional studies. The most commonly reported fall risk factors were fall history, feeling of unsteadiness, fear of falling, muscle strength, gait limitation and incontinence. Healthcare providers should use the above tools with caution regarding the limitations of each tool. Further studies should be designed to address individuals with high fall risk, such as individuals with cognitive impairment, as they are under-represented or excluded from most of the existing studies.
摘要：
跌倒筛查工具旨在准确识别高跌倒风险个体。为了提高管理的便利性和成本效益，许多研究都集中在基于问题的工具上。本系统评价的目的是确定60岁以上社区居住老年人跌倒风险评估的基于问题的工具以及这些工具涵盖的风险因素。遵循PRISMA准则。在PubMed/MEDLINE进行了文献检索，WebofScience和谷歌学者。使用渥太华-纽卡斯尔量表进行数据质量评估。结果确定了20项研究，这些研究使用了22种基于问题的工具来评估跌倒风险。每个工具的问题数量从1到41个问题不等。数据质量差异很大，队列研究的值为3-9，横断面研究的值为2-7。最常见的跌倒风险因素是跌倒史，不稳定的感觉，害怕跌倒，肌肉力量,步态限制和失禁。医疗保健提供者应谨慎使用上述工具，注意每种工具的局限性。应该设计进一步的研究来解决高跌倒风险的个人，比如有认知障碍的人，因为它们代表性不足或被排除在大多数现有研究之外。
