Abstract：
Oxysterols and phytosterols are sterol compounds present at markedly low levels in tissues and serum of healthy individuals. A wealth of evidence suggests that they could be employed as biomarkers for human diseases or for cholesterol absorption.An increasing number of reports suggest circulating or tissue oxysterols as putative biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. Thus far most of the studies have been carried out on small study populations. To achieve routine biomarker use, large prospective cohort studies are absolutely required. This, again, would necessitate thorough standardization of the oxysterol analytical methodology across the different laboratories, which now employ different technologies resulting in inconsistencies in the measured oxysterol levels. Routine use of oxysterol biomarkers would also necessitate the development of a new targeted analytical methodology suitable for high-throughput platforms.The most important use of phytosterols as biomarkers involves their use as markers for cholesterol absorption. For this to be achieved, (1) their quantitative analyses should be available in routine lipid laboratories, (2) it should be generally acknowledgment that the profile of cholesterol metabolism can reveal the risk of the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), and (3) screening of the profile of cholesterol metabolism should be included in the ASCVD risk surveys. This should be done e.g. in families with a history of early onset or frequent ASCVD and in young adults aged 18-20 years, to exclude the presence of high cholesterol absorption. Individuals in high cholesterol absorption families need preventive measures from young adulthood to inhibit the possible development and progression of atherosclerosis.
摘要：
氧化甾醇和植物甾醇是在健康个体的组织和血清中以显著低水平存在的甾醇化合物。大量证据表明，它们可以用作人类疾病或胆固醇吸收的生物标志物。越来越多的报道表明循环或组织氧固醇是心血管和神经退行性疾病或癌症的推定生物标志物。到目前为止，大多数研究都是在小型研究人群中进行的。为了实现常规生物标志物的使用，大型前瞻性队列研究是绝对必要的.这个,再次，将需要在不同实验室对氧固醇分析方法进行彻底标准化，现在采用不同的技术，导致测量的氧固醇水平不一致。氧固醇生物标志物的常规使用还需要开发适用于高通量平台的新的靶向分析方法。植物甾醇作为生物标志物的最重要用途涉及它们作为胆固醇吸收标志物的用途。为了实现这一点，（1）它们的定量分析应在常规脂质实验室中进行，（2）应该普遍承认，胆固醇代谢的概况可以揭示动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）发展的风险，(3)ASCVD风险调查中应包括对胆固醇代谢概况的筛查.这应该这样做，例如在有早期发作或频繁ASCVD病史的家庭和18-20岁的年轻人，排除高胆固醇吸收的存在。高胆固醇吸收家庭中的个体需要从年轻成年期开始的预防措施，以抑制动脉粥样硬化的可能发展和进展。
