Abstract：
The ability of the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, to distinguish and escape from pathogenic bacteria has been extensively studied; however, studies on the repulsive response of Meloidogyne incognita are still in their infancy. We have recently demonstrated that biocontrol bacteria induce a repulsive response in M. incognita via two classical signaling pathways. The present study aimed to identify the novel genes and signaling molecules of M. incognita that potentially contribute to its defense reaction. Analysis of the transcriptome data of M. incognita with and without a repulsive response against Bacillus nematocida B16 obtained 15 candidate genes, of which the novel genes Minc3s01748g26034 and Minc3s02548g30585 were found to regulate the aversive behavior of M. incognita, and their functions were further validated. To further confirm the neuronal localization of the two novel genes in M. incognita, in situ hybridization was conducted using the digoxin-labeled probes of ten tag genes, and preferentially profiled the localization of amphid sensory neurons of M. incognita. Analysis of the overviewed neuronal map suggested that Minc3s01748g26034 and Minc3s02548g30585 functioned in ASK/ASI and CEPD/V neurons, respectively. During their interactions, the volatile compounds 3-methyl-butyric acid and 2-methyl-butyric acid produced by the biocontrol bacteria were predicted as the primary signaling molecules that promoted the repulsive behavior of M. incognita against biocontrol bacteria. The findings provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the repulsive response of M. incognita that are different from the canonical molecular pathways previously found in C. elegans and can aid in developing novel strategies for controlling root-knot nematodes.
摘要：
模型生物的能力，秀丽隐杆线虫,区分和逃离致病菌已经被广泛研究；然而，关于南方根结线虫排斥反应的研究仍处于起步阶段。我们最近证明，生物防治细菌通过两种经典的信号通路在隐身分枝杆菌中诱导排斥反应。本研究旨在鉴定可能有助于其防御反应的M.incognita的新基因和信号分子。对有和没有针对线虫芽孢杆菌B16的排斥反应的隐身分枝杆菌的转录组数据的分析获得了15个候选基因，其中发现新基因Minc3s01748g26034和Minc3s02548g30585调节隐身支原体的厌恶行为，并对其功能进行了进一步验证。为了进一步证实这两个新基因在M.incognita中的神经元定位，使用10个标记基因的地高辛标记探针进行原位杂交，并优先分析隐身支原体两栖动物感觉神经元的定位。对概述的神经元图的分析表明，Minc3s01748g26034和Minc3s02548g30585在ASK/ASI和CEPD/V神经元中起作用，分别。在他们的互动中,生物控制细菌产生的挥发性化合物3-甲基-丁酸和2-甲基-丁酸被预测为主要信号分子，可促进隐身分枝杆菌对生物控制细菌的排斥行为。这些发现为隐身支原体排斥反应的潜在机制提供了新的见解，这些机制不同于先前在秀丽隐杆线虫中发现的规范分子途径，并且可以帮助开发控制根结线虫的新策略。
