Abstract：
Trillium govanianum is a high-value medicinal herb, having multifunctional traditional and culinary uses. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, biological and toxicological parameters of the T. govanianum Wall. ex D. Don (Family: Trilliaceae) roots collected from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Phytochemical profiling was achieved by determining total bioactive contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents) and UHPLC-MS analysis. For biological evaluation, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation assays) and enzyme inhibition activities (against AChE, BChE, glucosidase, amylase, and tyrosinase) were performed. Moreover, cytotoxicity was assessed against three human carcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231, CaSki, and DU-145). The tested extract was found to contain higher total phenolics (7.56 mg GAE/g dry extract) as compared to flavonoid contents (0.45 mg RE/g dry extract). Likewise, for the antioxidant activity, higher CUPRAC activity was noted with 39.84 mg TE/g dry extract values. In the case of enzyme assays, higher activity was pointed out against the cholinesterase, glucosidase and tyrosinase enzymes. The plant extract displayed significant cytotoxicity against the cell lines examined. Moreover, the in-silico studies highlighted the interaction between the important phytochemicals and tested enzymes. To conclude, the assessed biological activity and the existence of bioactive phytochemicals in the studied plant extract may pave the way for the development of novel pharmaceuticals.
摘要：
延龄草是一种高价值的药用植物，具有多功能的传统和烹饪用途。本调查是为了评估植物化学物质，延龄草的生物学和毒理学参数。前D.唐（科：菊科）从阿扎德·克什米尔收集的根，巴基斯坦。通过确定总生物活性物质含量（总酚和类黄酮含量）和UHPLC-MS分析来实现植物化学分析。对于生物学评估，抗氧化活性(DPPH，ABTS,FRAP,CUPRAC,磷钼,和金属螯合测定）和酶抑制活性（针对AChE，BChE,葡萄糖苷酶，淀粉酶，和酪氨酸酶）进行。此外，对三种人类癌细胞系（MDA-MB-231，CaSki，和DU-145）。与类黄酮含量(0.45mgRE/g干提取物)相比,发现测试提取物含有更高的总酚(7.56mgGAE/g干提取物)。同样，对于抗氧化活性，注意到较高的CUPRAC活性与39.84mgTE/g干提取物值。在酶测定的情况下，针对胆碱酯酶的活性较高，葡萄糖苷酶和酪氨酸酶。植物提取物对所检查的细胞系显示出显著的细胞毒性。此外，计算机研究强调了重要的植物化学物质和测试酶之间的相互作用。
