Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the plasma concentrations and determine pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin and its primary active metabolites (para- and ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin) after administration of a single oral dose in orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).
METHODS: 8 adult orange-winged Amazon parrots (4 male, 4 female) of varying ages.
METHODS: A compounded oral suspension of atorvastatin 10 mg/mL was administered via oral gavage at 20 mg/kg to each bird. Blood samples were collected at 10 different time points from 0 to 30 hours postadministration to evaluate plasma levels of atorvastatin, para-hydroxyatorvastatin, and ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using noncompartmental analysis and commercially available software.
RESULTS: Mean ± SD atorvastatin half-life, tmax, and Cmax were 5.96 ± 11.50 hours, 1.60 ± 0.80 hours, and 82.60 ± 58.30 ng/mL, respectively. For para-hydroxyatorvastatin, the half-life, tmax, and Cmax were 6.46 ± 54.20 hours, 5.00 ± 2.51 hours, and 34.10 ± 16.00 ng/mL, respectively, and 5.58 ± 9.92 hours, 3.38 ± 2.10 hours, and 7.35 ± 3.96 ng/mL for ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin.
CONCLUSIONS: The plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic profile shown support the therapeutic use of atorvastatin at the dose evaluated in this species based on human pharmacokinetic data. While 20 mg/kg PO q24 hours could be used as a starting dosage until further studies evaluating multiple dose administration and efficacy in this species become available, the high interindividual variability results warrant monitoring of the treatment response to make dosing adjustments if needed.
METHODS: 8 adult orange-winged Amazon parrots (4 male, 4 female) of varying ages.
METHODS: A compounded oral suspension of atorvastatin 10 mg/mL was administered via oral gavage at 20 mg/kg to each bird. Blood samples were collected at 10 different time points from 0 to 30 hours postadministration to evaluate plasma levels of atorvastatin, para-hydroxyatorvastatin, and ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using noncompartmental analysis and commercially available software.
RESULTS: Mean ± SD atorvastatin half-life, tmax, and Cmax were 5.96 ± 11.50 hours, 1.60 ± 0.80 hours, and 82.60 ± 58.30 ng/mL, respectively. For para-hydroxyatorvastatin, the half-life, tmax, and Cmax were 6.46 ± 54.20 hours, 5.00 ± 2.51 hours, and 34.10 ± 16.00 ng/mL, respectively, and 5.58 ± 9.92 hours, 3.38 ± 2.10 hours, and 7.35 ± 3.96 ng/mL for ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin.
CONCLUSIONS: The plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic profile shown support the therapeutic use of atorvastatin at the dose evaluated in this species based on human pharmacokinetic data. While 20 mg/kg PO q24 hours could be used as a starting dosage until further studies evaluating multiple dose administration and efficacy in this species become available, the high interindividual variability results warrant monitoring of the treatment response to make dosing adjustments if needed.
摘要：
目的：评估阿托伐他汀及其主要活性代谢产物（对羟基和邻羟基阿托伐他汀）在橙翼亚马逊鹦鹉（亚马逊亚马逊）中单次口服后的血浆浓度并确定药代动力学参数。
方法：8只成年橙翼亚马逊鹦鹉（4只雄性，4名女性）不同年龄。
方法：以20mg/kg的剂量通过口服管饲法给予每只禽类10mg/mL阿托伐他汀的复合口服混悬液。在给药后0至30小时的10个不同时间点收集血样，以评估阿托伐他汀的血浆水平，对羟基阿托伐他汀,和邻羟基阿托伐他汀。使用非隔室分析和市售软件进行药代动力学分析。
结果：阿托伐他汀半衰期平均值±SD，tmax,Cmax为5.96±11.50小时,1.60±0.80小时，和82.60±58.30ng/mL，分别。对于对羟基阿托伐他汀，半衰期，tmax,Cmax为6.46±54.20小时,5.00±2.51小时,34.10±16.00ng/mL，分别,5.58±9.92小时，3.38±2.10小时，和7.35±3.96ng/mL的邻羟基阿托伐他汀。
结论：显示的血浆浓度和药代动力学曲线支持阿托伐他汀在该物种中基于人药代动力学数据评估的剂量的治疗用途。虽然可以使用20mg/kgPOq24小时作为起始剂量，直到有进一步的研究评估该物种的多剂量给药和功效，高的个体间变异性结果需要监测治疗反应,以便在需要时进行剂量调整.
方法：8只成年橙翼亚马逊鹦鹉（4只雄性，4名女性）不同年龄。
方法：以20mg/kg的剂量通过口服管饲法给予每只禽类10mg/mL阿托伐他汀的复合口服混悬液。在给药后0至30小时的10个不同时间点收集血样，以评估阿托伐他汀的血浆水平，对羟基阿托伐他汀,和邻羟基阿托伐他汀。使用非隔室分析和市售软件进行药代动力学分析。
结果：阿托伐他汀半衰期平均值±SD，tmax,Cmax为5.96±11.50小时,1.60±0.80小时，和82.60±58.30ng/mL，分别。对于对羟基阿托伐他汀，半衰期，tmax,Cmax为6.46±54.20小时,5.00±2.51小时,34.10±16.00ng/mL，分别,5.58±9.92小时，3.38±2.10小时，和7.35±3.96ng/mL的邻羟基阿托伐他汀。
结论：显示的血浆浓度和药代动力学曲线支持阿托伐他汀在该物种中基于人药代动力学数据评估的剂量的治疗用途。虽然可以使用20mg/kgPOq24小时作为起始剂量，直到有进一步的研究评估该物种的多剂量给药和功效，高的个体间变异性结果需要监测治疗反应,以便在需要时进行剂量调整.
