PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Families are core to human well-being. Therapeutic intervention may be needed in the context of family disruptions. Attachment theory conceptualizes parents as the secure base and safe haven that support children\'s optimal development. Parents who have experienced their own attachment difficulties or traumas may not provide quality caregiving necessary for balanced secure parent-child attachment relationships. Following Bowlby\'s original thinking (1988), an attachment approach to family intervention views the therapist as a secure base that enables families to explore individual and system problems to restore equilibrium. Attachment informed therapy uses attachment theory to understand family functioning. However, the unavailability of valid economical assessment for examining attachment representations has constricted the practical utility of attachment theory in family therapy beyond applications of general concepts. This chapter describes the Adult Attachment Projective Pictures System (AAP) and explores its use as an efficient manner for assessing attachment representations within families that allows therapists to understand problematic interactions, disabling defensive processes, make predictions concerning negative patterns, and create targets for change and restorative intervention. Consolidating three decades of attachment and caregiving system research, we describe how distinct patterns of AAP responses for each adult attachment group map onto expected parenting and family system expectations and behaviors to provide a concise and informative framework. In addition to the traditional adult attachment patterns (Secure, Dismissing, Preoccupied, Unresolved), we describe for the first time expectations for two additional forms of incomplete pathological mourning (Failed Mourning and Preoccupied with Personal Suffering) that have been overlooked in the field.
摘要：
家庭是人类福祉的核心。在家庭破裂的情况下，可能需要治疗性干预。依恋理论将父母概念化为支持儿童最佳发展的安全基础和避风港。经历过自己的依恋困难或创伤的父母可能无法提供平衡的安全亲子依恋关系所必需的优质护理。根据Bowlby的最初想法(1988)，家庭干预的依恋方法将治疗师视为一个安全的基础，使家庭能够探索个人和系统问题以恢复平衡。依恋知情疗法使用依恋理论来理解家庭功能。然而,没有有效的经济评估来检查依恋表示，这限制了依恋理论在家庭治疗中的实际效用，超出了一般概念的应用范围。本章介绍了成人依恋投影图片系统（AAP），并探讨了其作为评估家庭中依恋表示的有效方式的使用，该方式使治疗师能够理解有问题的互动。禁用防御进程，对负面模式做出预测，并为变革和恢复性干预创造目标。巩固三十年的依恋和照顾系统研究，我们描述了每个成人依恋组的AAP反应的不同模式如何映射到预期的育儿和家庭系统期望和行为，以提供简洁和信息的框架。除了传统的成人依恋模式(安全，解雇,心事重重,未解决),我们首次描述了对该领域被忽视的两种其他形式的不完全病理哀悼（失败的哀悼和全神贯注的个人痛苦）的期望。
