Abstract：
Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to all procedures that partially or totally remove the external female genitalia, or to all other deliberate injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It is thought that over 200 million girls and women have had some form of FGM, with more than three million girls being at risk annually. The procedure varies in severity from partial or complete removal of the clitoris (Type 1) to oversewing of the vaginal opening, so-called infibulation (Type 3). There are no medical benefits from FGM, with complications increasing with the amount of tissue damage that has been inflicted. Side effects may be psychological and physical including excessive scarring, pain, infections, sexual dysfunction with significant obstetrical complications such as fistulas and increased risks of stillbirth, as well as increased neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Although primarily originating in countries in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, mass migrations in recent years have made FGM a feature in most societies. For this reason, forensic practitioners and pathologists should be aware of the anatomical features of FGM and the potential medical and psychological side effects. Accurate recording of cases is required to enable appropriate resources to be allocated for instituting preventive measures.
摘要：
切割女性生殖器（FGM）是指部分或全部切除外部女性生殖器的所有程序，或出于非医疗原因对女性生殖器官的所有其他故意伤害。据认为，超过2亿女孩和妇女有某种形式的女性生殖器切割，每年有超过300万女孩处于危险之中。手术的严重程度各不相同，从部分或完全切除阴蒂（1型）到缝合阴道口，所谓的内锁（3型）。女性生殖器切割没有医疗益处,随着组织损伤的增加，并发症也会增加。副作用可能是心理和生理上的，包括过度的疤痕，疼痛,感染,性功能障碍伴有严重的产科并发症，如瘘管和死产风险增加，以及增加新生儿和产妇的发病率和死亡率。虽然主要起源于非洲国家，中东和亚洲,近年来的大规模移民使女性生殖器切割成为大多数社会的一个特征。出于这个原因,法医和病理学家应该意识到切割女性生殖器官的解剖特征以及潜在的医学和心理副作用。需要准确记录案件，以便为采取预防措施分配适当的资源。
