Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Aflatoxins, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are among the most toxic mycotoxins. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), found in milk and dairy products from animals fed AFB1-contaminated feed. Consumption of AFM1 has related adverse effects on human health. Breast milk can be a source of contamination for infants due to the presence of AFM. AFM1 can also contaminate powdered milk, a significant product of the milk industry. Consequently, monitoring dairy products for these toxins is imperative.
METHODS: A total of 50 samples (25 samples of breast milk and 25 samples of powdered infant milk formula) were collected in Tehran from December 2021 to February 2022. HPLC method was used for the determination of AFM1 in samples.
RESULTS: and Discussion: AFM1 was detected in 72% of breast milk samples and 96% of powdered milk samples. AFM1 levels varied significantly between the two sample types (p < 0.05). The average amount of AFM1 in breast milk samples was 25.82 ± 4.72 ng/kg, while the average amount in powdered milk samples was 40.59 ± 7.76 ng/kg. Moreover, 44% of the breast and 68% of powdered milk samples exceeded the AFM1 content limit of the European Union and the Iranian national standard. This study concludes that given the importance of breast milk and formula to maternal and infant health, monitoring and regulating the toxin levels in these products in Tehran is crucial.
METHODS: A total of 50 samples (25 samples of breast milk and 25 samples of powdered infant milk formula) were collected in Tehran from December 2021 to February 2022. HPLC method was used for the determination of AFM1 in samples.
RESULTS: and Discussion: AFM1 was detected in 72% of breast milk samples and 96% of powdered milk samples. AFM1 levels varied significantly between the two sample types (p < 0.05). The average amount of AFM1 in breast milk samples was 25.82 ± 4.72 ng/kg, while the average amount in powdered milk samples was 40.59 ± 7.76 ng/kg. Moreover, 44% of the breast and 68% of powdered milk samples exceeded the AFM1 content limit of the European Union and the Iranian national standard. This study concludes that given the importance of breast milk and formula to maternal and infant health, monitoring and regulating the toxin levels in these products in Tehran is crucial.
摘要：
目标：黄曲霉毒素，由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生，是毒性最强的真菌毒素之一。黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）是黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的羟基化代谢产物，在饲喂AFB1污染饲料的动物的牛奶和乳制品中发现。AFM1的消费对人类健康有相关的不利影响。由于AFM的存在，母乳可能是婴儿的污染源。AFM1也会污染奶粉，牛奶行业的重要产品。因此,监测乳制品中的这些毒素是当务之急。
方法：从2021年12月至2022年2月在德黑兰收集了总共50个样本（25个母乳样本和25个婴儿奶粉样本）。采用HPLC法测定样品中AFM1的含量。
结果：和讨论：在72％的母乳样品和96％的奶粉样品中检测到AFM1。AFM1水平在两种样品类型之间显著变化(p<0.05)。母乳样品中AFM1的平均含量为25.82±4.72ng/kg，而奶粉样品中的平均含量为40.59±7.76ng/kg。此外，44％的乳房和68％的奶粉样品超过了欧盟和伊朗国家标准的AFM1含量限值。这项研究的结论是，鉴于母乳和配方对母婴健康的重要性，在德黑兰监测和调节这些产品中的毒素水平至关重要。
方法：从2021年12月至2022年2月在德黑兰收集了总共50个样本（25个母乳样本和25个婴儿奶粉样本）。采用HPLC法测定样品中AFM1的含量。
结果：和讨论：在72％的母乳样品和96％的奶粉样品中检测到AFM1。AFM1水平在两种样品类型之间显著变化(p<0.05)。母乳样品中AFM1的平均含量为25.82±4.72ng/kg，而奶粉样品中的平均含量为40.59±7.76ng/kg。此外，44％的乳房和68％的奶粉样品超过了欧盟和伊朗国家标准的AFM1含量限值。这项研究的结论是，鉴于母乳和配方对母婴健康的重要性，在德黑兰监测和调节这些产品中的毒素水平至关重要。
