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Abstract：
High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) encompass ripples (80 Hz-200 Hz) and fast ripples (200 Hz-600 Hz), serving as a promising biomarker for localizing the epileptogenic zone in epilepsy. Spontaneous fast ripples are always pathological, while ripples may be physiological or pathological. Distinguishing physiological from pathological ripples is important not only for designating epileptogenic brain regions, but also for investigations that study ripples in the context of memory encoding, consolidation, and recall in patients with epilepsy. Many studies have sought to identify distinguishing features between pathological and physiological ripples over the past two decades. Physiological and pathological ripples differ with respect to their spatial location, cellular mechanisms, morphology, and coupling with background electroencephalographic activity. Retrospective studies have demonstrated that differentiating between pathological and physiological ripples can improve surgical outcome prediction. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, differences, and applications of pathological and physiological HFOs and discuss strategies for their clinical translation.
摘要：
高频振荡（HFO）包括波纹（80Hz-200Hz）和快速波纹（200Hz-600Hz），作为定位癫痫中癫痫发生区的有希望的生物标志物。自发的快速涟漪总是病理性的，而涟漪可能是生理性或病理性的。区分生理和病理的涟漪不仅对于指定癫痫发生的大脑区域很重要，而且对于研究记忆编码背景下的涟漪的调查，合并，并对癫痫患者进行回忆。在过去的二十年中，许多研究试图确定病理和生理涟漪之间的区别特征。生理和病理涟漪的空间位置不同，细胞机制，形态学,并与背景脑电图活动耦合。回顾性研究表明，区分病理和生理波动可以改善手术结果预测。在这次审查中,我们总结了特点，差异,以及病理和生理HFOs的应用，并讨论其临床翻译策略。
