Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, there had been more than 758 million COVID-19 cases as of February 13, 2023, and it is the main cause of death in many countries. Due to the variation in disease presentation, scientists determined that people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus were at higher risk of mortality. However, people living with type 1 diabetes have not been thoroughly studied, especially in extreme regions of developing countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic restrictions on different variables in a cohort with type 1 diabetes.
METHODS: This cohort-type study included pediatric and adult patients with type 1 diabetes at Regional Hospital Dr. Juan Noé Crevani in Arica, Chile. Biosocial and anthropometric factors, clinical history, self-care activities, and biochemical parameters were assessed and compared using analysis of variance and paired t tests between March 2020 and March 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were assessed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Arica, Chile. One year after the pandemic struck, the main causes for metabolic deterioration were a reduction of carbohydrate counting by an average of 8.67% (P = 0.000), a reduction of adherence to treatment by an average of 25% (P = 0.000), and a shift to telemedicine as a main health care service (P = 0.023); these factors raised hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels by 1.81%, 1.78% and 0.075%, respectively. The participants\' average body mass index (BMI) increased by 1.26 kg/m2 and HbA1c levels increased by 0.16% during the first year of the pandemic. Also, hospitalizations increased about 2% (P = 0.984), and there was a significant increase in carbohydrate and snack intake (P = 0.330 and P = 0.811, respectively). Children\'s linear growth decreased by a standard deviation of 0.035 (P = 0.648), and their physical activity decreased by 12.67% (P = 0.383).
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that adherence to diabetes care was reduced during the pandemic owing to a variety of behavioral reasons and environmental changes (e.g., quarantines and food security). This affected this population\'s HbA1c levels, BMI, linear growth, and number of hospitalizations as main consequences. Telemedicine remains an important tool, but it must be reconsidered among all different age groups.
METHODS: This cohort-type study included pediatric and adult patients with type 1 diabetes at Regional Hospital Dr. Juan Noé Crevani in Arica, Chile. Biosocial and anthropometric factors, clinical history, self-care activities, and biochemical parameters were assessed and compared using analysis of variance and paired t tests between March 2020 and March 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were assessed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Arica, Chile. One year after the pandemic struck, the main causes for metabolic deterioration were a reduction of carbohydrate counting by an average of 8.67% (P = 0.000), a reduction of adherence to treatment by an average of 25% (P = 0.000), and a shift to telemedicine as a main health care service (P = 0.023); these factors raised hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels by 1.81%, 1.78% and 0.075%, respectively. The participants\' average body mass index (BMI) increased by 1.26 kg/m2 and HbA1c levels increased by 0.16% during the first year of the pandemic. Also, hospitalizations increased about 2% (P = 0.984), and there was a significant increase in carbohydrate and snack intake (P = 0.330 and P = 0.811, respectively). Children\'s linear growth decreased by a standard deviation of 0.035 (P = 0.648), and their physical activity decreased by 12.67% (P = 0.383).
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that adherence to diabetes care was reduced during the pandemic owing to a variety of behavioral reasons and environmental changes (e.g., quarantines and food security). This affected this population\'s HbA1c levels, BMI, linear growth, and number of hospitalizations as main consequences. Telemedicine remains an important tool, but it must be reconsidered among all different age groups.
摘要：
目标：在2019年冠状病毒大流行期间，截至2023年2月13日，COVID-19病例已超过7.58亿例，是许多国家的主要死亡原因。由于疾病表现的变化，科学家确定，患有2型糖尿病的人有更高的死亡风险。然而,患有1型糖尿病的人还没有经过彻底的研究，特别是在发展中国家的极端地区。这项研究的目的是分析SARS-CoV-2大流行限制对1型糖尿病队列中不同变量的影响。
方法：这项队列类型研究包括Arica地区医院JuanNoéCrevani博士的儿童和成人1型糖尿病患者，智利。生物社会和人体测量因素，临床病史,自我保健活动，和生化参数在2020年3月至2021年3月之间使用方差分析和配对t检验进行评估和比较。
结果：在AricaSARS-CoV-2大流行期间，共评估了150名患者，智利。大流行来袭一年后，代谢恶化的主要原因是碳水化合物计数平均减少8.67%(P=0.000),治疗依从性平均降低25%（P=0.000），并转向远程医疗作为主要的医疗保健服务（P=0.023）；这些因素使血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）水平提高了1.81％，1.78%和0.075%，分别。在大流行的第一年，参与者的平均体重指数（BMI）增加了1.26kg/m2，HbA1c水平增加了0.16％。此外，住院人数增加了约2%(P=0.984)，碳水化合物和零食摄入量显着增加（分别为P=0.330和P=0.811）。儿童的线性生长下降了0.035的标准偏差（P=0.648），他们的身体活动减少了12.67％（P=0.383）。
结论：这项研究发现，在大流行期间，由于各种行为原因和环境变化（例如，检疫和粮食安全)。这影响了这个人群的HbA1c水平，BMI,线性增长，和住院次数是主要后果。远程医疗仍然是一个重要的工具，但必须在所有不同年龄段重新考虑。
方法：这项队列类型研究包括Arica地区医院JuanNoéCrevani博士的儿童和成人1型糖尿病患者，智利。生物社会和人体测量因素，临床病史,自我保健活动，和生化参数在2020年3月至2021年3月之间使用方差分析和配对t检验进行评估和比较。
结果：在AricaSARS-CoV-2大流行期间，共评估了150名患者，智利。大流行来袭一年后，代谢恶化的主要原因是碳水化合物计数平均减少8.67%(P=0.000),治疗依从性平均降低25%（P=0.000），并转向远程医疗作为主要的医疗保健服务（P=0.023）；这些因素使血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）水平提高了1.81％，1.78%和0.075%，分别。在大流行的第一年，参与者的平均体重指数（BMI）增加了1.26kg/m2，HbA1c水平增加了0.16％。此外，住院人数增加了约2%(P=0.984)，碳水化合物和零食摄入量显着增加（分别为P=0.330和P=0.811）。儿童的线性生长下降了0.035的标准偏差（P=0.648），他们的身体活动减少了12.67％（P=0.383）。
结论：这项研究发现，在大流行期间，由于各种行为原因和环境变化（例如，检疫和粮食安全)。这影响了这个人群的HbA1c水平，BMI,线性增长，和住院次数是主要后果。远程医疗仍然是一个重要的工具，但必须在所有不同年龄段重新考虑。
