Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This comprehensive global meta-analysis reviews the parasitism levels of tick genera and species, life stages, seasonality, attachment sites, the global mean ranks of tick species parasitism rates and records, and their distribution and role as vectors.
METHODS: From the 418 papers identified, 390 papers were selected to become part of the study.
RESULTS: The genera recorded as infesting domestic ruminants were Rhipicephalus (42 species), Haemaphysalis (32 species), Hyalomma (19 species), Amblyomma (18 species), Ixodes (10 species), Dermacentor (8 species), Margaropus and Nosomma (1 species). Globally, domestic ruminants are more infested by adult females and males than by the nymphal and larval stages of the tick species. The global tick species parasitism levels at the attachment sites of domestic ruminants were, in order, tail and anal region, neck and dewlap, scrotum or udder, ear region, thigh and abdomen, and dorsal surface.
CONCLUSIONS: Among 131 species of eight genera of hard ticks recorded infesting domestic ruminants, 42 species had mean ranks of tick species parasitism rates up to 10%, and 37 species had mean ranks of tick species parasitism up to 10 records. Briefly, the higher the indexes of tick species parasitism rates and records, the more important their role as vectors. In addition, the majority of them are found among tick species-infested humans with nearly high ranks of tick species parasitism rates and records that double their medical, veterinary, and zoonotic importance to be the most common vectors and reservoirs of bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogenic microorganisms, causing severe infectious diseases, and as a result, can be more dangerous to humans and domestic ruminants.
METHODS: From the 418 papers identified, 390 papers were selected to become part of the study.
RESULTS: The genera recorded as infesting domestic ruminants were Rhipicephalus (42 species), Haemaphysalis (32 species), Hyalomma (19 species), Amblyomma (18 species), Ixodes (10 species), Dermacentor (8 species), Margaropus and Nosomma (1 species). Globally, domestic ruminants are more infested by adult females and males than by the nymphal and larval stages of the tick species. The global tick species parasitism levels at the attachment sites of domestic ruminants were, in order, tail and anal region, neck and dewlap, scrotum or udder, ear region, thigh and abdomen, and dorsal surface.
CONCLUSIONS: Among 131 species of eight genera of hard ticks recorded infesting domestic ruminants, 42 species had mean ranks of tick species parasitism rates up to 10%, and 37 species had mean ranks of tick species parasitism up to 10 records. Briefly, the higher the indexes of tick species parasitism rates and records, the more important their role as vectors. In addition, the majority of them are found among tick species-infested humans with nearly high ranks of tick species parasitism rates and records that double their medical, veterinary, and zoonotic importance to be the most common vectors and reservoirs of bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogenic microorganisms, causing severe infectious diseases, and as a result, can be more dangerous to humans and domestic ruminants.
摘要：
目的：这项全面的全球荟萃分析回顾了蜱属和物种的寄生水平，生命阶段,季节性,附件站点,蜱类寄生率和记录的全球平均排名，以及它们作为载体的分布和作用。
方法：从确定的418篇论文中，选择了390篇论文作为研究的一部分。
结果：记录为侵染家畜的属是Rhipicephalus（42种），血友病（32种），Hyalomma（19种），弱视（18种），Ixodes（10种），皮肤病（8种），Margaropus和Nosomma（1种）。全球范围内,成年雌性和雄性比tick虫的若虫和幼虫阶段更容易感染国内反刍动物。家畜反刍动物附着部位的全球蜱类寄生水平为，按顺序,尾巴和肛门区域，脖子和露珠，阴囊或乳房，耳区,大腿和腹部,和背侧表面。
结论：在记录感染家畜的8属硬蜱的131种中，42种蜱虫的平均寄生率高达10%，37个物种的蜱类寄生虫的平均等级高达10个记录。简而言之，蜱类寄生率和记录指数越高，它们作为载体的作用越重要。此外,它们中的大多数是在受蜱虫感染的人类中发现的，它们中的蜱虫寄生率几乎很高，并且它们的医疗记录翻了一番，兽医,人畜共患的重要性是最常见的细菌载体和储库，原生动物,和病毒病原微生物，导致严重的传染病，结果，可能对人类和家养反刍动物更危险。
方法：从确定的418篇论文中，选择了390篇论文作为研究的一部分。
结果：记录为侵染家畜的属是Rhipicephalus（42种），血友病（32种），Hyalomma（19种），弱视（18种），Ixodes（10种），皮肤病（8种），Margaropus和Nosomma（1种）。全球范围内,成年雌性和雄性比tick虫的若虫和幼虫阶段更容易感染国内反刍动物。家畜反刍动物附着部位的全球蜱类寄生水平为，按顺序,尾巴和肛门区域，脖子和露珠，阴囊或乳房，耳区,大腿和腹部,和背侧表面。
结论：在记录感染家畜的8属硬蜱的131种中，42种蜱虫的平均寄生率高达10%，37个物种的蜱类寄生虫的平均等级高达10个记录。简而言之，蜱类寄生率和记录指数越高，它们作为载体的作用越重要。此外,它们中的大多数是在受蜱虫感染的人类中发现的，它们中的蜱虫寄生率几乎很高，并且它们的医疗记录翻了一番，兽医,人畜共患的重要性是最常见的细菌载体和储库，原生动物,和病毒病原微生物，导致严重的传染病，结果，可能对人类和家养反刍动物更危险。
