Abstract：
Information on genetic divergence and migration patterns of vent- and seep-endemic macrobenthos can help delimit biogeographical provinces and provide scientific guidelines for deep-sea conservation under the growing threats of anthropogenic disturbances. Nevertheless, related studies are still scarce, impeding the informed conservation of these hotspots of deep-sea biodiversity. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a population connectivity study on the galatheoid squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri - a deep-sea foundation species widely distributed in vent and seep ecosystems in the Northwest Pacific. With the application of an interdisciplinary methodology involving population genomics and oceanographic approaches, we unveiled two semi-isolated lineages of S. crosnieri with limited and asymmetrical gene flow potentially shaped by the geographic settings, habitat types, and ocean currents - one comprising vent populations in the Okinawa Trough, with those inhabiting the southern trough area likely serving as the source; the other being the Jiaolong (JR) seep population in the South China Sea. The latter might have recently experienced a pronounced demographic contraction and exhibited genetic introgression from the Okinawa Trough lineage, potentially mediated by the intrusion of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. We then compared the biogeographic patterns between S. crosnieri and two other representative and co-occurring vent- and seep-endemic species using published data. Based on their biogeographical subdivisions and source-sink dynamics, we highlighted the southern Okinawa Trough vents and the JR seep warrant imperative conservation efforts to sustain the deep-sea biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific.
摘要：
关于venth和seep特有大型底栖动物的遗传差异和迁移模式的信息可以帮助划定生物地理省份，并在人为干扰日益严重的威胁下为深海保护提供科学指南。然而，相关研究仍然很少，阻碍了对这些深海生物多样性热点地区的知情保护。为了弥合这种知识差距，我们对galatheoid深蹲龙虾Shinkaiacrosnieri进行了种群连通性研究，Shinkaiacrosnieri是一种深海基础物种，广泛分布在西北太平洋的喷口和渗漏生态系统中。随着涉及人口基因组学和海洋学方法的跨学科方法的应用，我们公布了两个半分离的S.crosnieri谱系，它们的基因流动有限且不对称，可能受地理环境的影响，生境类型,和洋流-冲绳海槽中的喷口种群组成，居住在南部海槽地区的人可能是源头；另一个是南海的蛟龙（JR）渗漏人口。后者最近可能经历了明显的人口统计学收缩，并表现出冲绳海槽血统的遗传渗入，可能由北太平洋中间水的入侵介导。然后，我们使用已发布的数据比较了S.crosnieri和其他两个具有代表性和共同发生的文脉和渗水特有物种之间的生物地理模式。根据他们的生物地理细分和源汇动态，我们强调了冲绳海槽南部的喷口和JR渗漏保证了必要的保护工作，以维持西北太平洋的深海生物多样性。
