Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders are the most common condition affecting the orofacial region, resulting in pain and dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the ambiguous association between cervical features and temporomandibular disorders by measuring the rotations between the skull-atlas, atlas-axis and mandible-atlas and examining the relationship between these rotations and temporomandibular disorders.
METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 176 patients, 97 females and 79 males with an average age of 25.7 years were used in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with joint dysfunction (n = 88) and those without (n = 88). The study employed various methods to determine rotations in the skull-atlas, atlas-axis and mandible atlas based on anatomical landmarks and measurements. These methods include the use of specific planes, angles and distances to identify and measure rotation. Data analysis was performed using the TURCOSA statistical software (Turcosa Analytics Ltd Co, Turkey, www.turcosa.com.tr).
RESULTS: The results showed that the degree of rotation between the skull and the atlas was higher in the TMD group than in the control group (p < .001). Similarly, Atlas-axis rotation was significantly higher in the TMD group (p < .001). However, no significant difference was found between mandible atlas rotations in the two groups (p = .546). The study also found a significant difference between the direction of rotation between the atlas and axis and the direction of mandible atlas rotation (p < .001) as well as between skull and atlas rotations and mandible-atlas rotations (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the study suggests that there is a relationship between the skeletal structures of the cranio-cervico-mandibular system and TMD. Skull-atlas and atlas-axis rotations may play an important role in the aetiology of TMD in individuals with TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate rotations in the skull-atlas-axis region for the treatment of TMD.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the ambiguous association between cervical features and temporomandibular disorders by measuring the rotations between the skull-atlas, atlas-axis and mandible-atlas and examining the relationship between these rotations and temporomandibular disorders.
METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 176 patients, 97 females and 79 males with an average age of 25.7 years were used in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with joint dysfunction (n = 88) and those without (n = 88). The study employed various methods to determine rotations in the skull-atlas, atlas-axis and mandible atlas based on anatomical landmarks and measurements. These methods include the use of specific planes, angles and distances to identify and measure rotation. Data analysis was performed using the TURCOSA statistical software (Turcosa Analytics Ltd Co, Turkey, www.turcosa.com.tr).
RESULTS: The results showed that the degree of rotation between the skull and the atlas was higher in the TMD group than in the control group (p < .001). Similarly, Atlas-axis rotation was significantly higher in the TMD group (p < .001). However, no significant difference was found between mandible atlas rotations in the two groups (p = .546). The study also found a significant difference between the direction of rotation between the atlas and axis and the direction of mandible atlas rotation (p < .001) as well as between skull and atlas rotations and mandible-atlas rotations (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the study suggests that there is a relationship between the skeletal structures of the cranio-cervico-mandibular system and TMD. Skull-atlas and atlas-axis rotations may play an important role in the aetiology of TMD in individuals with TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate rotations in the skull-atlas-axis region for the treatment of TMD.
摘要：
背景：颞下颌关节紊乱症是影响口面部最常见的疾病，导致疼痛和功能障碍。
目的：本研究旨在通过测量颅骨-图谱之间的旋转来阐明颈椎特征与颞下颌关节紊乱病之间的模糊关联。阿特拉斯-轴和下颌骨-阿特拉斯，并检查这些旋转与颞下颌疾病之间的关系。
方法：176例患者的锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）图像，这项研究使用了97名女性和79名男性，平均年龄为25.7岁。将患者分为两组：有关节功能障碍的患者（n=88）和没有关节功能障碍的患者（n=88）。这项研究采用了各种方法来确定颅骨-地图集的旋转，阿特拉斯-基于解剖标志和测量的轴和下颌骨阿特拉斯。这些方法包括使用特定的飞机，角度和距离来识别和测量旋转。使用TURCOSA统计软件(TurcosaAnalyticsLtd,土耳其,www.Turcosa.com.tr).
结果：结果表明，TMD组的颅骨和地图集之间的旋转程度高于对照组（p<.001）。同样，TMD组的Atlas轴旋转明显更高（p<.001）。然而,两组下颌骨寰椎旋转无显著差异(p=.546)。该研究还发现，地图集和轴之间的旋转方向与下颌骨地图集旋转方向（p<.001）以及颅骨和地图集旋转与下颌骨-地图集旋转之间存在显着差异（p<.001）。
结论：总体而言，这项研究表明，颅颈下颌系统的骨骼结构与TMD之间存在关系。颅骨-图谱和图谱轴旋转可能在TMD患者的TMD病因学中起重要作用。因此,评估颅骨-寰枢区的旋转对于TMD的治疗很重要。
目的：本研究旨在通过测量颅骨-图谱之间的旋转来阐明颈椎特征与颞下颌关节紊乱病之间的模糊关联。阿特拉斯-轴和下颌骨-阿特拉斯，并检查这些旋转与颞下颌疾病之间的关系。
方法：176例患者的锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）图像，这项研究使用了97名女性和79名男性，平均年龄为25.7岁。将患者分为两组：有关节功能障碍的患者（n=88）和没有关节功能障碍的患者（n=88）。这项研究采用了各种方法来确定颅骨-地图集的旋转，阿特拉斯-基于解剖标志和测量的轴和下颌骨阿特拉斯。这些方法包括使用特定的飞机，角度和距离来识别和测量旋转。使用TURCOSA统计软件(TurcosaAnalyticsLtd,土耳其,www.Turcosa.com.tr).
结果：结果表明，TMD组的颅骨和地图集之间的旋转程度高于对照组（p<.001）。同样，TMD组的Atlas轴旋转明显更高（p<.001）。然而,两组下颌骨寰椎旋转无显著差异(p=.546)。该研究还发现，地图集和轴之间的旋转方向与下颌骨地图集旋转方向（p<.001）以及颅骨和地图集旋转与下颌骨-地图集旋转之间存在显着差异（p<.001）。
结论：总体而言，这项研究表明，颅颈下颌系统的骨骼结构与TMD之间存在关系。颅骨-图谱和图谱轴旋转可能在TMD患者的TMD病因学中起重要作用。因此,评估颅骨-寰枢区的旋转对于TMD的治疗很重要。
