Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To develop a nurse-led model of analgesia to manage post-operative pain in the surgical neonate.
METHODS: A four-round e-Delphi study was conducted from March to December 2022.
METHODS: An e-Delphi method was used seeking a consensus of 70% or greater. Fifty-one experts were invited to join the panel. Members consisted of multi-disciplinary healthcare professionals who work in areas associated with neonatal care. In round 1, 49 statements relative to neonatal pain assessment and management were distributed to the panel. Panel members were asked to rate their level of agreeance on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Ratings equal to or greater than 4 represented agreement, 3 indicated uncertainty and 2 or less disagreement with the proposed statement. An opportunity for free-text responses after each statement was provided. This iterative process continued for three rounds. In the fourth and final round, the completed model of neonatal nurse-controlled analgesia was presented along with a further opportunity to provide feedback on the final version.
RESULTS: Four rounds of statements and voting were required to reach consensus on a model of neonatal nurse-controlled analgesia. The model consists of criteria for use, over-arching guidelines and three separate pathways based on an individual baby\'s pain assessment scores, need for pain relieving interventions and time-lapsed post-surgical procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive model of neonatal nurse-controlled analgesia, applicable to the Australasian context, was developed in collaboration with a group of neonatal experts.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a multi-modal family-integrated model to manage neonatal post-operative pain. By providing nurses with increased autonomy to assess and manage acute pain, this model has the potential to not only provide a more responsive and individualized approach to alleviate discomfort, but highlights the integral role of parent partnerships in the neonatal intensive care.
UNASSIGNED: This study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDE) guidance on Delphi studies.
UNASSIGNED: No patient or public contribution was utilized for this study.
METHODS: A four-round e-Delphi study was conducted from March to December 2022.
METHODS: An e-Delphi method was used seeking a consensus of 70% or greater. Fifty-one experts were invited to join the panel. Members consisted of multi-disciplinary healthcare professionals who work in areas associated with neonatal care. In round 1, 49 statements relative to neonatal pain assessment and management were distributed to the panel. Panel members were asked to rate their level of agreeance on a Likert scale from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Ratings equal to or greater than 4 represented agreement, 3 indicated uncertainty and 2 or less disagreement with the proposed statement. An opportunity for free-text responses after each statement was provided. This iterative process continued for three rounds. In the fourth and final round, the completed model of neonatal nurse-controlled analgesia was presented along with a further opportunity to provide feedback on the final version.
RESULTS: Four rounds of statements and voting were required to reach consensus on a model of neonatal nurse-controlled analgesia. The model consists of criteria for use, over-arching guidelines and three separate pathways based on an individual baby\'s pain assessment scores, need for pain relieving interventions and time-lapsed post-surgical procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive model of neonatal nurse-controlled analgesia, applicable to the Australasian context, was developed in collaboration with a group of neonatal experts.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a multi-modal family-integrated model to manage neonatal post-operative pain. By providing nurses with increased autonomy to assess and manage acute pain, this model has the potential to not only provide a more responsive and individualized approach to alleviate discomfort, but highlights the integral role of parent partnerships in the neonatal intensive care.
UNASSIGNED: This study was reported in line with the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDE) guidance on Delphi studies.
UNASSIGNED: No patient or public contribution was utilized for this study.
摘要：
目的：开发一种以护士为主导的镇痛模型来管理手术新生儿的术后疼痛。
方法：2022年3月至12月进行了四轮e-Delphi研究。
方法：使用e-Delphi方法寻求70％或更高的共识。邀请了51名专家加入小组。成员由在新生儿护理相关领域工作的多学科医疗保健专业人员组成。在第1轮中，向小组分发了49份与新生儿疼痛评估和管理有关的陈述。小组成员被要求在李克特量表上从1到5（1=强烈不同意5=强烈同意）的同意水平。评级等于或大于4代表协议，3表示不确定，与拟议的声明有2个或更少的分歧。每次发言后都有自由文本答复的机会。该迭代过程持续三轮。在第四轮也是最后一轮，我们介绍了完整的新生儿护士自控镇痛模型,并提供了对最终版本的反馈意见.
结果：需要四轮陈述和投票才能就新生儿护士自控镇痛模式达成共识。该模型包括使用标准，总体指南和基于单个婴儿疼痛评估评分的三个独立途径，需要缓解疼痛的干预措施和手术后的时间。
结论：新生儿护士自控镇痛的综合模式，适用于澳大利亚的背景，是与一组新生儿专家合作开发的。
结论：本研究为新生儿术后疼痛的管理提供了一个多模式的家庭整合模型。通过为护士提供更多的自主权来评估和管理急性疼痛，这种模式不仅有可能提供一种更敏感和个性化的方法来缓解不适，但强调了父母伙伴关系在新生儿重症监护中的不可或缺的作用。
■本研究报告符合Delphi研究的开展和恢复（CREDE）指南。
■本研究没有使用患者或公共捐款。
方法：2022年3月至12月进行了四轮e-Delphi研究。
方法：使用e-Delphi方法寻求70％或更高的共识。邀请了51名专家加入小组。成员由在新生儿护理相关领域工作的多学科医疗保健专业人员组成。在第1轮中，向小组分发了49份与新生儿疼痛评估和管理有关的陈述。小组成员被要求在李克特量表上从1到5（1=强烈不同意5=强烈同意）的同意水平。评级等于或大于4代表协议，3表示不确定，与拟议的声明有2个或更少的分歧。每次发言后都有自由文本答复的机会。该迭代过程持续三轮。在第四轮也是最后一轮，我们介绍了完整的新生儿护士自控镇痛模型,并提供了对最终版本的反馈意见.
结果：需要四轮陈述和投票才能就新生儿护士自控镇痛模式达成共识。该模型包括使用标准，总体指南和基于单个婴儿疼痛评估评分的三个独立途径，需要缓解疼痛的干预措施和手术后的时间。
结论：新生儿护士自控镇痛的综合模式，适用于澳大利亚的背景，是与一组新生儿专家合作开发的。
结论：本研究为新生儿术后疼痛的管理提供了一个多模式的家庭整合模型。通过为护士提供更多的自主权来评估和管理急性疼痛，这种模式不仅有可能提供一种更敏感和个性化的方法来缓解不适，但强调了父母伙伴关系在新生儿重症监护中的不可或缺的作用。
■本研究报告符合Delphi研究的开展和恢复（CREDE）指南。
■本研究没有使用患者或公共捐款。
