Abstract：
Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are widely used to prevent or treat human and animal diseases, thereby improving the quality of daily life. Poor management of post-consumer products is recognized worldwide, as they negatively affect the ecosystems where they are discharged. The first action to prevent negative impacts is the state of knowledge regarding their occurrence. This paper critically reports the panorama of West Africa in terms of PPCPs occurrence in different water sources. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was conducted on PPCPs in West Africa following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases, including African Journals Online, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Dimensions, were used for this search. Thirty-five articles, representing 58 % of West African countries, were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these articles, one included data from multiple West African countries, while the remaining 34 exclusively focused on Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria. The results revealed a variety of PPCPs investigated, about 27 groups and 112 compounds, with greater emphasis on antibiotics, analgesics and PSHXEs. HPLC was the predominant analytical method used, resulting in total concentrations of PPCPs in the range of 200,000 to 3,200,000 ng/L in drinking water, 12 to 700,000 ng/L in groundwater, 0.42 to 107,800,000 ng/L in surface water, 8.5 to 121,310,000 ng/L in wastewater, and 440 to 421,700 ng/L in tap water. Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon reported the highest number of PPCPs investigated and consequently the highest concentration of cases. These compounds present a high potential ecological risk, with >50 % exceeding the risk quotient limit. Therefore, West Africa as a community needs integrated approaches and strategies to monitor water, especially transboundary resources. This review is timely and provides pertinent information to policymakers and researchers on PPCPs in water.
摘要：
药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）广泛用于预防或治疗人类和动物疾病，从而提高日常生活质量。消费后产品管理不善是全世界公认的,因为它们会对排放它们的生态系统产生负面影响。防止负面影响的第一个行动是关于其发生的知识状态。本文从不同水源中PPCP的发生角度批判性地报道了西非的全景。为了实现这一目标,按照PRISMA指南对西非的PPCP进行了系统评价.数据库,包括非洲在线期刊，PubMed,谷歌学者，Scopus,和尺寸，用于此搜索。三十五篇文章,代表58％的西非国家，根据纳入和排除标准选择。在这些文章中,其中包括来自多个西非国家的数据，而其余34只集中在贝宁，喀麦隆,加纳,和尼日利亚。结果显示，调查了各种PPCP，大约27个基团和112个化合物，更加重视抗生素，镇痛药和PSHXE。HPLC是主要的分析方法，导致饮用水中PPCPs的总浓度在200,000至3,200,000ng/L的范围内，地下水中的12至700,000纳克/升，地表水中0.42至107,800,000纳克/升，废水中的8.5至121,310,000ng/L，和440至421,700纳克/升的自来水。加纳,尼日利亚和喀麦隆报告调查的PPCP数量最多，因此案件最集中。这些化合物具有很高的潜在生态风险,超过风险商限值>50%。因此,西非作为一个社区，需要采取综合办法和战略来监测水，尤其是跨界资源。这篇综述是及时的，并为政策制定者和研究人员提供了有关水中PPCP的相关信息。
