Abstract：
Persons with neuropsychiatric disorders present specific and unique challenges for forensic experts and defense attorneys in the criminal justice system. This article reviews two potential criminal defenses: legal insanity and the various legal standards or tests of criminal responsibility that are used in jurisdictions throughout the United States (i.e., the M\'Naghten standard and the American Law Institute\'s Model Penal Code), and the partial legal defense of diminished capacity (lacking the mental state necessary to be found guilty of a specific intent crime). The process of evaluating criminal responsibility or diminished capacity is also presented with a specific emphasis on common issues that arise in evaluating defendants with Intellectual Developmental Disorder (Intellectual Disability), Parasomnias, Seizure Disorders, and Neurocognitive Disorders.
摘要：
患有神经精神疾病的人对刑事司法系统中的法医专家和辩护律师提出了特定和独特的挑战。本文回顾了两种潜在的刑事辩护：法律上的精神错乱以及在整个美国的司法管辖区中使用的各种法律标准或刑事责任测试（即，M'Naghten标准和美国法律研究所的示范刑法典)，以及对能力下降的部分法律辩护（缺乏被认定犯有特定意图罪所必需的精神状态）。评估刑事责任或能力下降的过程也特别强调了在评估患有智力发育障碍（智力残疾）的被告时出现的常见问题，Parasninas,癫痫发作,和神经认知障碍。
