Abstract：
Ultrasound (US) of the thyroid has been used as a diagnostic tool since the late 1960s. US is the most important imaging tool for diagnosing thyroid disease. In the majority of cases a correct diagnosis can already be made in synopsis of the sonographic together with clinical findings and basal thyroid hormone parameters. However, the characterization of thyroid nodules by US remains challenging. The introduction of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADSs) has improved diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer significantly. Newer techniques such as elastography, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) expand diagnostic options and tools further. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool to improve and simplify diagnostics of thyroid nodules and there is evidence that AI can exceed the performance of humans. Combining different US techniques with the introduction of new software, the use of AI, FNB as well as molecular markers might pave the way for a completely new area of diagnostic accuracy in thyroid disease. Finally, interventional ultrasound using US-guided thermal ablation (TA) procedures are increasingly proposed as therapy options for benign as well as malignant thyroid diseases.
摘要：
自1960年代后期以来，甲状腺的超声（US）已被用作诊断工具。US是诊断甲状腺疾病最重要的影像学工具。在大多数情况下，可以通过超声检查的概要以及临床发现和基础甲状腺激素参数进行正确的诊断。然而,US对甲状腺结节的定性仍具有挑战性.甲状腺成像报告和数据系统（TIRADS）的引入显着提高了甲状腺癌的诊断准确性。较新的技术，如弹性成像，精湛的微血管成像（SMI），超声造影（CEUS）和多参数超声（MPUS）进一步扩展了诊断选项和工具。此外,人工智能（AI）的使用是改善和简化甲状腺结节诊断的有前途的工具，并且有证据表明AI可以超过人类的表现。将不同的美国技术与新软件的引入相结合，使用AI,FNB以及分子标志物可能为甲状腺疾病诊断准确性的全新领域铺平道路。最后,越来越多地提出使用US引导的热消融（TA）程序作为良性和恶性甲状腺疾病的治疗选择。
