Abstract：
BACKGROUND: In Sri Lanka, foodborne diseases caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella are of increasing concern. We therefore aimed to characterize the dominant Salmonella serovars in humans, poultry, and aquaculture through a One Health approach.
METHODS: We collected isolates from different sectors, confirmed their identities using PCR, screened their antibiotic resistance profiles, and determined their antibiotic resistance genes based on whole-genome sequencing.
RESULTS: Of the 75 Salmonella isolates identified, the majority of serotypes were unidentified. Both Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) could be isolated from human sources and were also found prevalent in the poultry sector. ST36, ST11 and ST1541 were the dominant serotypes of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. Alarmingly, 4% (1/25) of poultry Salmonella isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, suggesting an emergence of this phenotype. Moreover, virulence genes were very diverse among S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates.
CONCLUSIONS: With the diversity of unidentified serotypes found and the detection of emerging resistances, our study highlights the importance of a One Health approach to monitoring antibiotic resistance. For public health initiatives in Sri Lanka to be successful in mitigating salmonellosis, all three sectors - humans, aquaculture, and poultry - must be tackled concomitantly in a coordinated manner under the One Health approach because antibiotic resistance genes, and even specific sequence types, may be able to spread across the aforementioned sectors. We anticipate that our results will inform public health policies in Sri Lanka to tackle foodborne illnesses.
METHODS: We collected isolates from different sectors, confirmed their identities using PCR, screened their antibiotic resistance profiles, and determined their antibiotic resistance genes based on whole-genome sequencing.
RESULTS: Of the 75 Salmonella isolates identified, the majority of serotypes were unidentified. Both Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) could be isolated from human sources and were also found prevalent in the poultry sector. ST36, ST11 and ST1541 were the dominant serotypes of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, respectively. Alarmingly, 4% (1/25) of poultry Salmonella isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, suggesting an emergence of this phenotype. Moreover, virulence genes were very diverse among S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates.
CONCLUSIONS: With the diversity of unidentified serotypes found and the detection of emerging resistances, our study highlights the importance of a One Health approach to monitoring antibiotic resistance. For public health initiatives in Sri Lanka to be successful in mitigating salmonellosis, all three sectors - humans, aquaculture, and poultry - must be tackled concomitantly in a coordinated manner under the One Health approach because antibiotic resistance genes, and even specific sequence types, may be able to spread across the aforementioned sectors. We anticipate that our results will inform public health policies in Sri Lanka to tackle foodborne illnesses.
摘要：
背景：在斯里兰卡，由非伤寒沙门氏菌引起的食源性疾病日益受到关注。因此，我们旨在描述人类中显性沙门氏菌的血清型，家禽,和水产养殖通过一个健康的方法。
方法：我们收集了来自不同部门的分离株，使用PCR确认他们的身份，筛选了他们的抗生素耐药性，并根据全基因组测序确定其抗生素抗性基因。
结果：在鉴定的75株沙门氏菌中，大多数血清型尚未鉴定.两种肠道沙门氏菌（S.肠炎）和伤寒沙门氏菌（S.鼠伤寒）可以从人类来源中分离出来，并且在家禽部门也很普遍。ST36，ST11和ST1541是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的优势血清型，分别。令人震惊的是,4%(1/25)的禽类沙门氏菌对环丙沙星耐药，表明这种表型的出现。此外，肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的毒力基因差异很大。
结论：随着发现的未知血清型的多样性和新出现的耐药性的检测，我们的研究强调了单一健康方法监测抗生素耐药性的重要性.为了使斯里兰卡的公共卫生举措成功缓解沙门氏菌病，所有三个部门-人类，水产养殖,和家禽-必须在“一个健康”方法下以协调的方式同时解决，因为抗生素抗性基因，甚至特定的序列类型，可能能够分布在上述领域。我们预计我们的结果将为斯里兰卡的公共卫生政策提供信息，以应对食源性疾病。
方法：我们收集了来自不同部门的分离株，使用PCR确认他们的身份，筛选了他们的抗生素耐药性，并根据全基因组测序确定其抗生素抗性基因。
结果：在鉴定的75株沙门氏菌中，大多数血清型尚未鉴定.两种肠道沙门氏菌（S.肠炎）和伤寒沙门氏菌（S.鼠伤寒）可以从人类来源中分离出来，并且在家禽部门也很普遍。ST36，ST11和ST1541是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的优势血清型，分别。令人震惊的是,4%(1/25)的禽类沙门氏菌对环丙沙星耐药，表明这种表型的出现。此外，肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的毒力基因差异很大。
结论：随着发现的未知血清型的多样性和新出现的耐药性的检测，我们的研究强调了单一健康方法监测抗生素耐药性的重要性.为了使斯里兰卡的公共卫生举措成功缓解沙门氏菌病，所有三个部门-人类，水产养殖,和家禽-必须在“一个健康”方法下以协调的方式同时解决，因为抗生素抗性基因，甚至特定的序列类型，可能能够分布在上述领域。我们预计我们的结果将为斯里兰卡的公共卫生政策提供信息，以应对食源性疾病。
