PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Over a decade of vector control by indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution on the mainland, and only LLINs on islands had a minimal impact on disease burden in Nchelenge district, northern Zambia. Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae are vectors known only from the mainland. Understanding vector bionomics in the district is necessary for planning and targeting effective vector control. This study aimed to provide information on abundance, seasonality, and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infectivity of malaria vectors in Nchelenge, including islands.
METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected in 192 CDC indoor light traps set in 56 households between January 2015 and January 2016. Morphological and molecular species identifications and P. falciparum circumsporoites by ELISA were performed. Mosquito counts and relative abundances from the islands and mainland were compared, and household factors associated with vector counts were determined.
RESULTS: A total of 5888 anophelines were collected during the study. Of these, 5,704 were female Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) and 248 female An. gambiae s.l. The highest proportion of An. funestus (n = 4090) was from Chisenga Island and An. gambiae (n = 174) was from Kilwa Island. The highest estimated counts per trap for An. funestus s.l. were from Chisenga island, (89.9, p < 0.001) and from the dry season (78.6, p < 001). For An. gambiae the highest counts per trap were from Kilwa island (3.1, p < 0.001) and the rainy season (2.5, p = 0.007). The highest estimated annual entomological inoculation rate was from Chisenga Island with 91.62 ib/p/y followed by Kilwa Island with 29.77 ib/p/yr, and then Mainland with 19.97 ib/p/yr.
CONCLUSIONS: There was varied species abundance and malaria transmission risk across sites and seasons. The risk of malaria transmission was perennial and higher on the islands. The minimal impact of vector control efforts on the mainland was evident, but limited overall. Vector control intervention coverage with effective tools needs to be extended to the islands to effectively control malaria transmission in Nchelenge district.
METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected in 192 CDC indoor light traps set in 56 households between January 2015 and January 2016. Morphological and molecular species identifications and P. falciparum circumsporoites by ELISA were performed. Mosquito counts and relative abundances from the islands and mainland were compared, and household factors associated with vector counts were determined.
RESULTS: A total of 5888 anophelines were collected during the study. Of these, 5,704 were female Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) and 248 female An. gambiae s.l. The highest proportion of An. funestus (n = 4090) was from Chisenga Island and An. gambiae (n = 174) was from Kilwa Island. The highest estimated counts per trap for An. funestus s.l. were from Chisenga island, (89.9, p < 0.001) and from the dry season (78.6, p < 001). For An. gambiae the highest counts per trap were from Kilwa island (3.1, p < 0.001) and the rainy season (2.5, p = 0.007). The highest estimated annual entomological inoculation rate was from Chisenga Island with 91.62 ib/p/y followed by Kilwa Island with 29.77 ib/p/yr, and then Mainland with 19.97 ib/p/yr.
CONCLUSIONS: There was varied species abundance and malaria transmission risk across sites and seasons. The risk of malaria transmission was perennial and higher on the islands. The minimal impact of vector control efforts on the mainland was evident, but limited overall. Vector control intervention coverage with effective tools needs to be extended to the islands to effectively control malaria transmission in Nchelenge district.
摘要：
背景：在大陆上通过室内残留喷洒（IRS）和长效杀虫网（LLINs）分布进行了十多年的病媒控制，只有岛上的LLINs对Nchelenge地区的疾病负担影响最小，赞比亚北部按蚊和冈比亚按蚊是仅从大陆已知的载体。了解该地区的媒介生物学对于规划和瞄准有效的媒介控制是必要的。这项研究旨在提供有关丰度的信息，季节性,和恶性疟原虫子孢子对Nchelenge疟疾载体的传染性，包括岛屿。
方法：在2015年1月至2016年1月期间，在56个家庭的192个CDC室内光陷阱中收集了蚊子。通过ELISA进行形态和分子种类鉴定以及恶性疟原虫环孢菌素。比较了岛屿和大陆的蚊子数量和相对丰度，并确定了与载体计数相关的家庭因素。
结果：在研究期间共收集了5888个按蚊。其中,5,704是雌性按蚊（s.l.）和248雌性An。冈比亚s.l.An的比例最高。funestus（n=4090）来自奇森加岛和安。冈比亚（n=174）来自基尔瓦岛。An的每个陷阱的最高估计计数。funestuss.l.来自奇森加岛，（89.9，p<0.001）和旱季（78.6，p<001）。为了An.冈比亚每个陷阱的最高计数来自基尔瓦岛（3.1，p<0.001）和雨季（2.5，p=0.007）。估计年度昆虫学接种率最高的是奇森加岛，为91.62ib/p/y，其次是基尔瓦岛，为29.77ib/p/yr，然后是大陆19.97ib/p/yr。
结论：不同地点和季节的物种丰度和疟疾传播风险各不相同。在岛上，疟疾传播的风险是常年和更高的。病媒控制工作对内地的影响微乎其微,但总体有限。需要将具有有效工具的媒介控制干预措施的覆盖范围扩大到岛屿，以有效控制Nchelenge地区的疟疾传播。
方法：在2015年1月至2016年1月期间，在56个家庭的192个CDC室内光陷阱中收集了蚊子。通过ELISA进行形态和分子种类鉴定以及恶性疟原虫环孢菌素。比较了岛屿和大陆的蚊子数量和相对丰度，并确定了与载体计数相关的家庭因素。
结果：在研究期间共收集了5888个按蚊。其中,5,704是雌性按蚊（s.l.）和248雌性An。冈比亚s.l.An的比例最高。funestus（n=4090）来自奇森加岛和安。冈比亚（n=174）来自基尔瓦岛。An的每个陷阱的最高估计计数。funestuss.l.来自奇森加岛，（89.9，p<0.001）和旱季（78.6，p<001）。为了An.冈比亚每个陷阱的最高计数来自基尔瓦岛（3.1，p<0.001）和雨季（2.5，p=0.007）。估计年度昆虫学接种率最高的是奇森加岛，为91.62ib/p/y，其次是基尔瓦岛，为29.77ib/p/yr，然后是大陆19.97ib/p/yr。
结论：不同地点和季节的物种丰度和疟疾传播风险各不相同。在岛上，疟疾传播的风险是常年和更高的。病媒控制工作对内地的影响微乎其微,但总体有限。需要将具有有效工具的媒介控制干预措施的覆盖范围扩大到岛屿，以有效控制Nchelenge地区的疟疾传播。
