PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
(1) Background: Participation in ultra-endurance sports, particularly ultra-running, has increased over the previous three decades. These are accompanied by high energetic demands, which may be further exacerbated by extreme environmental conditions. Preparation is long-term, comprising of sufficient exercise management, supportive dietary habits, and nutritional intakes for optimal adaptations. Gastrointestinal symptoms are often cited as causing underperformance and incompletion of events. Though the majority do not pose serious long-term health risks, they may still arise. It has been suggested that the nutritional interventions employed by such athletes prior to, during, and after exercise have the potential to alter symptom incidence, severity, and duration. A summary of such interventions does not yet exist, making it difficult for relevant personnel to develop recommendations that simultaneously improve athletic performance by attenuating gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this research is to systematically review the literature investigating the effects of a nutrition intervention on ultra-endurance athletes exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptom incidence, severity, or duration. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Sports Discus) in January 2023 to investigate the effects of various nutrition interventions on ultra-endurance athletes\' (regardless of irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis) exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. Variations of key words such as \"ultra-endurance\", \"gastrointestinal\", and \"nutrition\" were searched. The risk of bias in each paper was assessed using the ADA quality criteria checklist. (3) Results: Of the seven eligible studies, one was a single field-based case study, while the majority employed a crossover intervention design. A total of n = 105 participants (n = 50 male; n = 55 female) were included in this review. Practicing a diet low in short-chain, poorly absorbed carbohydrates, known as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), as well as employing repetitive gut challenges of carbohydrates, remain the most promising of strategies for exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptom management. (4) Conclusion: Avoiding high-FODMAP foods and practicing repetitive gut challenges are promising methods to manage gastrointestinal symptoms. However, sample sizes are often small and lack supportive power calculations.
摘要：
（1）背景：参加超耐力运动，特别是超跑，在过去的三十年里有所增加。这些都伴随着高能量的要求，极端环境条件可能会进一步加剧这种情况。准备是长期的，包括足够的运动管理，支持饮食习惯，和营养摄入量以实现最佳适应。胃肠道症状通常被认为是导致表现不佳和事件不完全的原因。尽管大多数人不会构成严重的长期健康风险，他们可能还会出现。有人建议，这些运动员之前采用的营养干预措施，during,运动后有可能改变症状的发生率，严重程度,和持续时间。这种干预措施的摘要尚不存在，这使得相关人员难以提出通过减轻胃肠道症状同时改善运动表现的建议。这项研究的目的是系统地回顾研究营养干预对超耐力运动员运动引起的胃肠道症状发生率的影响的文献。严重程度,或持续时间。(2)方法：对文献进行了系统回顾(PubMed，CINAHL,WebofScience,和SportsDiscus）于2023年1月调查各种营养干预措施对超耐力运动员的影响（不考虑肠易激综合征的诊断）运动引起的胃肠道症状。关键词的变化，如“超耐力”，“胃肠”，和“营养”被搜索。使用ADA质量标准清单评估每篇论文中的偏倚风险。(3)结果：在七项符合条件的研究中，一个是基于单一领域的案例研究，而大多数采用交叉干预设计。共纳入n=105名参与者（n=50名男性；n=55名女性）。练习短链低饮食，吸收不良的碳水化合物，被称为可发酵寡糖，二糖，单糖，和多元醇（FODMAP），以及采用碳水化合物的重复肠道挑战，仍然是运动引起的胃肠道症状管理的最有希望的策略。（4）结论：避免高FODMAP食物和进行重复的肠道挑战是管理胃肠道症状的有希望的方法。然而,样本量通常很小，缺乏支持性计算。
