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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Sheep and goat pox (SGP) caused by sheep poxvirus (SPV) and goat poxvirus (GPV) respectively; are transboundary and World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)-notifiable viral diseases. There is barely any coherent information about the distribution and prevalence of SGP for Uganda. We therefore conducted this study to describe the temporal and spatial distribution of SGP suspected outbreaks in Uganda for the period 2011-2020 as well as serologically confirm presence of SGP antibodies in suspected SGP outbreaks reported in 2021-2022.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven [37] SGP outbreaks were reported across the country during the study period. North-eastern region [that comprises of Karamoja region] had the highest number of outbreaks [n = 17, 45%]; followed by Central [n = 9, 2.4%], Northern [n = 8, 2.2%] and Western region [n = 3, 0.08%]. Reports from district veterinary personnel indicate that the prevalence of; and mortality rate and case fatality rate associated with SGP were 0.06%, 0.02% and 32% respectively. There was a steady increase in the number of reported SGP outbreaks [x̄ = 4] over the study period. Seropositivity of SGPV antibodies in outbreak sheep and goats that were investigated during the study period [2021-2022] was [n = 41, 27%, 95 CI;] CONCLUSION: Our analyses of SGPV passive and active reports indicate that SGP is present in Uganda with a decade long average of four outbreaks per annum. During this period, about a third of all SGPV-clinically infected animals died. SPG is therefore a major constraint to small ruminant health and productivity in Uganda. Introduction of animals from infected herds and breach in farm biosecurity were the most important predictors of SGP outbreaks. In addition to the already existing SGP commercial vaccines, small ruminant screening for SGPV before introducing them to naïve herds and ensuring on farm biosecurity should be part of the SGP control tool pack for Ugandan small ruminant farmers.
RESULTS: Thirty-seven [37] SGP outbreaks were reported across the country during the study period. North-eastern region [that comprises of Karamoja region] had the highest number of outbreaks [n = 17, 45%]; followed by Central [n = 9, 2.4%], Northern [n = 8, 2.2%] and Western region [n = 3, 0.08%]. Reports from district veterinary personnel indicate that the prevalence of; and mortality rate and case fatality rate associated with SGP were 0.06%, 0.02% and 32% respectively. There was a steady increase in the number of reported SGP outbreaks [x̄ = 4] over the study period. Seropositivity of SGPV antibodies in outbreak sheep and goats that were investigated during the study period [2021-2022] was [n = 41, 27%, 95 CI;] CONCLUSION: Our analyses of SGPV passive and active reports indicate that SGP is present in Uganda with a decade long average of four outbreaks per annum. During this period, about a third of all SGPV-clinically infected animals died. SPG is therefore a major constraint to small ruminant health and productivity in Uganda. Introduction of animals from infected herds and breach in farm biosecurity were the most important predictors of SGP outbreaks. In addition to the already existing SGP commercial vaccines, small ruminant screening for SGPV before introducing them to naïve herds and ensuring on farm biosecurity should be part of the SGP control tool pack for Ugandan small ruminant farmers.
摘要：
背景：分别由绵羊痘病毒（SPV）和山羊痘病毒（GPV）引起的绵羊和山羊痘（SGP）是跨界和世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）-应报告的病毒性疾病。关于乌干达SGP的分布和流行情况，几乎没有任何连贯的信息。因此，我们进行了这项研究，以描述2011-2020年期间乌干达可疑SGP暴发的时间和空间分布，以及在血清学上确认在2021-2022年报告的可疑SGP暴发中存在SGP抗体。
结果：在研究期间，全国报告了37例[37]SGP暴发。东北地区[包括卡拉莫贾地区]爆发次数最多[n=17，45%]；其次是中部[n=9，2.4%]，北部地区[n=8，2.2%]，西部地区[n=3，0.08%]。地区兽医人员的报告表明；与SGP相关的死亡率和病死率为0.06%，分别为0.02%和32%。在研究期间，报告的SGP爆发数量[x²=4]稳步增加。在研究期间[2021-2022]调查的爆发绵羊和山羊中SGPV抗体的血清阳性为[n=41，27％，95CI;]结论：我们对SGPV被动和主动报告的分析表明，SGP在乌干达存在长达十年的平均每年4次爆发。在此期间,约三分之一的SGPV临床感染动物死亡。因此，SPG是乌干达小型反刍动物健康和生产力的主要制约因素。从受感染的畜群中引入动物和破坏农场生物安全是SGP爆发的最重要预测因素。除了已经存在的SGP商业疫苗外，在将小反刍动物引入幼稚牧群并确保农场生物安全之前，对SGPV进行筛查应成为乌干达小反刍动物农民SGP控制工具包的一部分。
结果：在研究期间，全国报告了37例[37]SGP暴发。东北地区[包括卡拉莫贾地区]爆发次数最多[n=17，45%]；其次是中部[n=9，2.4%]，北部地区[n=8，2.2%]，西部地区[n=3，0.08%]。地区兽医人员的报告表明；与SGP相关的死亡率和病死率为0.06%，分别为0.02%和32%。在研究期间，报告的SGP爆发数量[x²=4]稳步增加。在研究期间[2021-2022]调查的爆发绵羊和山羊中SGPV抗体的血清阳性为[n=41，27％，95CI;]结论：我们对SGPV被动和主动报告的分析表明，SGP在乌干达存在长达十年的平均每年4次爆发。在此期间,约三分之一的SGPV临床感染动物死亡。因此，SPG是乌干达小型反刍动物健康和生产力的主要制约因素。从受感染的畜群中引入动物和破坏农场生物安全是SGP爆发的最重要预测因素。除了已经存在的SGP商业疫苗外，在将小反刍动物引入幼稚牧群并确保农场生物安全之前，对SGPV进行筛查应成为乌干达小反刍动物农民SGP控制工具包的一部分。
