Abstract：
The recent advancements in fabricating forward osmosis (FO) membranes have shown promising results in desalination and water treatment. Different methods have been applied to improve FO performance, such as using mixed or new draw solutions, enhancing the recovery of draw solutions, membrane modification, and developing FO-hybrid systems. However, reliable methods to address the current issues, including reverse salt flux, fouling, and antibacterial activities, are still in progress. In recent decades, surface modification has been applied to different membrane processes, including FO membranes. Introducing nanochannels, bioparticles, new monomers, and hydrophilic-based materials to the surface layer of FO membranes has significantly impacted their performance and efficiency and resulted in better control over fouling and concentration polarization (CP) in these membranes. This review critically investigates the recent developments in FO membrane processes and fabrication techniques for FO surface-layer modification. In addition, this study focuses on the latest materials and structures used for the surface modification of FO membranes. Finally, the current challenges, gaps, and suggestions for future studies in this field have been discussed in detail.
摘要：
制造正向渗透(FO)膜的最新进展已经在脱盐和水处理中显示出有希望的结果。已经应用了不同的方法来提高FO性能，例如使用混合或新的汲取溶液，提高提取溶液的回收率，膜改性，并开发FO-混合系统。然而,解决当前问题的可靠方法，包括反向盐通量，污垢,和抗菌活性，仍在进行中。近几十年来,表面改性已应用于不同的膜工艺，包括FO膜。介绍纳米通道，生物粒子,新单体,和基于亲水性的材料到FO膜的表面层已经显著地影响它们的性能和效率,并且导致对这些膜中的结垢和浓度极化(CP)的更好的控制。这篇综述严格地研究了FO膜工艺和FO表面层改性制造技术的最新进展。此外,这项研究的重点是用于表面改性的FO膜的最新材料和结构。最后,当前的挑战,间隙,并详细讨论了该领域未来研究的建议。
