Abstract：
Despite human accuracy in perceiving time, many factors can modulate the subjective experience of time. For example, it is widely reported that emotion can expand or shrink our perception of time and that temporal intervals are perceived as longer when marked by auditory stimuli than by visual stimuli. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether the influence of emotion on time perception can be altered by the order in which emotional stimuli are presented and the sensory modality in which they are presented. Participants were asked to complete a time bisection task in which emotional stimuli were presented either acoustically or visually, and either before or after interval to be estimated. We observed a main effect of modality (longer perceived duration and lower variability in the auditory than in the visual modality) as well as a main effect of emotion (temporal overestimation for negative stimuli compared to neutral). Importantly, the effects of modality and emotion interacted with the order of presentation of the emotional stimuli. In the visual condition, when emotional stimuli were presented after the temporal intervals, participants overestimated time, but no differences between negative and neutral stimuli were observed when emotional stimuli were presented first. In the auditory condition, no significant effect of emotion on perceived duration was found. Results suggest that negative emotions affect our perception of durations acting at the decision-making stage rather than at the pacemaker one. No effect on time perception was observed for emotional auditory stimuli.
摘要：
尽管人类感知时间的准确性，许多因素可以调节时间的主观体验。例如,据广泛报道，情绪可以扩大或缩小我们对时间的感知，并且听觉刺激标记的时间间隔比视觉刺激更长。在本研究中,我们旨在调查情绪对时间感知的影响是否可以通过情绪刺激的呈现顺序和呈现它们的感觉形态来改变。参与者被要求完成时间分割任务，在该任务中，情感刺激以听觉或视觉方式呈现，以及在要估计的间隔之前或之后。我们观察到了模态的主要影响（与视觉模态相比，感知的持续时间更长，听觉的变异性更低）以及情感的主要影响（与中性相比，对负面刺激的时间高估）。重要的是,情态和情绪的影响与情绪刺激的呈现顺序相互作用。在视觉条件下，当情绪刺激出现在时间间隔之后，参与者高估了时间，但是当首先呈现情绪刺激时，没有观察到阴性和中性刺激之间的差异。在听觉条件下，没有发现情绪对感知持续时间的显著影响。结果表明，负面情绪会影响我们对决策阶段而不是起搏器阶段的持续时间的感知。情绪听觉刺激对时间知觉没有影响。
