Abstract：
Aquaculture is a highly important and expanding industry in Southeast Asia (SEA). An upcoming problem is the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens due to the unchecked use of antibiotics and human clinical practices. This review focused insight into the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and strategies from SEA aquaculture based on the original research publication over the period 2002 to 2023. Amongst the 11 SEA countries, the most AMR report has come from Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand, respectively. The AMR found in SEA aquaculture were classified into 17 drug classes. The most reported AMR are aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, (fluoro)quinolones, tetracycline, sulpha group and multi-drug. Beta-lactams, tetracycline, sulpha group are reported in each country with the reported frequencies higher than 40 %. Escherichia coli, Aeromonas and Vibrio are the most widely and frequently reported ARB in SEA aquaculture. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes for the sample containing multiple bacterial isolates were generally low, while the medium numbers of MAR indexes for the typical bacteria species were higher than 0.2 and showed higher MAR levels than the global mean. Most of the detected ARGs are related to beta-lactams, tetracycline, sulpha group, and aminoglycosides. Amongst the beta-lactam resistance genes, blaTEM, and blaSHV are the most frequently detected. Almost all the available information of antibiotics, ARB and ARGs in SEA aquaculture was consistent with the global scale analysis. In addition, factors that contribute to the development and spread of AMR in SEA aquaculture were discussed. Moreover, the national action plan to combat AMR in SEA countries and the available technologies that already applied in the SEA aquaculture are also included in this review. Such findings underline the need for synergistic efforts from scientists, engineers, policy makers, government managers, entrepreneurs, and communities to manage and reduce the burden of AMR in aquaculture of SEA countries.
摘要：
水产养殖业是东南亚（SEA）非常重要和不断扩大的产业。一个即将到来的问题是抗生素抗性病原体的出现，这是由于抗生素的未经控制的使用和人类临床实践。这篇综述基于2002年至2023年期间的原始研究出版物，重点了解了SEA水产养殖中抗生素耐药性（AMR）的发生和策略。在11个东南亚国家中，大多数AMR报告来自越南，马来西亚,泰国,分别。在SEA水产养殖中发现的AMR分为17种药物类别。报道最多的AMR是氨基糖苷类，β-内酰胺,（氟）喹诺酮类药物，四环素,磺胺组和多药。β-内酰胺,四环素,每个国家都报告了sulfa组，报告的频率高于40％。大肠杆菌,气单胞菌和弧菌是SEA水产养殖中最广泛和最经常报道的ARB。含有多种细菌分离株的样品的多种抗生素耐药性（MAR）指数普遍较低，而典型细菌种类的MAR指数的中等数量高于0.2，并且MAR水平高于全球平均值。大多数检测到的ARGs与β-内酰胺有关，四环素,sulla组，和氨基糖苷类.在β-内酰胺抗性基因中，blaTEM,和blaSHV是最常见的检测。几乎所有可用的抗生素信息，SEA水产养殖中的ARB和ARGs与全球规模分析一致。此外,讨论了AMR在SEA水产养殖中发展和传播的因素。此外，本审查还包括在SEA国家打击AMR的国家行动计划以及已经在SEA水产养殖中应用的可用技术。这些发现强调了科学家需要协同努力，工程师,政策制定者,政府管理者,企业家,和社区来管理和减轻东南亚国家水产养殖中的AMR负担。
