Abstract：
Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of sex-determining systems. Here, we compile recent studies on the diversity of sex-determination mechanisms in fish. We demonstrate that genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway are frequently used for master sex-determining (MSD) genes. MSD genes arise via two main mechanisms, duplication-and-transposition and allelic mutations, with a few exceptions. We also demonstrate that temperature influences sex determination in many fish species, even those with sex chromosomes, with higher temperatures inducing differentiation into males in most cases. Finally, we review theoretical models for the turnover of sex-determining mechanisms and discuss what questions remain elusive.
摘要：
有性生殖在不同的分类单元中普遍存在。然而,性别决定机制是如此多样，以至于即使是密切相关的物种，性别决定系统也往往不同。硬骨鱼是一个分类类群，性别决定机制经常发生失误，因此为我们提供了研究性别决定系统周转的分子和进化机制的绝佳机会。这里,我们汇编了有关鱼类性别决定机制多样性的最新研究。我们证明TGF-β信号通路中的基因经常用于主性别决定（MSD）基因。MSD基因通过两种主要机制产生，复制和转座和等位基因突变，除了少数例外。我们还证明了温度会影响许多鱼类的性别决定，即使是那些有性染色体的人，在大多数情况下，较高的温度会诱导分化为男性。最后,我们回顾了性别决定机制转换的理论模型，并讨论了哪些问题仍然难以捉摸。预计《动物生物科学年度评论》的最终在线出版日期，第12卷是2024年2月。请参阅http://www。annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates的订正估计数。
