Abstract：
Sea cucumbers contain a wide range of biomolecules, including sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), with immense therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. SPs in sea cucumbers are mainly fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) and fucan sulfate (FS) which exhibit a series of pharmacological effects, including anticoagulant activity, in several biological systems. FCS is a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan in the sea cucumber body wall, and its biological properties mainly depend on the degree of sulfation, position of sulfate group, molecular weight, and distribution of branches along the backbone. So far, FCS and FS have been recognized for their antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, and antioxidant potential. However, the functions of these SPs are mainly dependent on the species, origins, harvesting season, and extraction methods applied. This review focuses on the SPs of sea cucumbers and how their structural diversities affect various biological activities. In addition, the mechanism of actions of SPs, chemical structures, factors affecting their bioactivities, and their extraction methods are also discussed.
摘要：
海参含有广泛的生物分子，包括硫酸多糖（SP），具有巨大的治疗和营养潜力。海参中的SP主要为岩藻糖基化硫酸软骨素(FCS)和硫酸岩藻聚糖(FS),包括抗凝血活性,在几个生物系统中。FCS是海参体壁中结构独特的糖胺聚糖，其生物学特性主要取决于硫酸化程度，硫酸基团的位置，分子量,以及沿骨干的分支分布。到目前为止,FCS和FS因其抗血栓形成而被认可，抗炎,抗癌，抗糖尿病药,抗高脂血症,抗肥胖,和抗氧化潜力。然而,这些SP的功能主要取决于物种，起源,收获季节,以及应用的提取方法。本文重点介绍了海参的SP及其结构多样性如何影响各种生物活性。此外,SP的作用机制，化学结构,影响其生物活性的因素，并讨论了它们的提取方法。
