Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Unintended pregnancies occur more frequently in college students and negatively affect health outcomes and educational attainment. This study examined access to on-campus contraceptives at all 4-year colleges and universities in North Carolina (NC).
METHODS: This institutional review board-exempt study evaluated availability of on-campus contraceptives including condoms; hormonal contraceptives including pills, patches, and vaginal rings; medroxyprogesterone injections; implants; intrauterine devices; and emergency contraception via website review. Institutions were stratified by characteristics including size, location, type (e.g., public, private, religious affiliation, historically black colleges and universities, women\'s colleges), and presence of a student health pharmacy. Comparisons were made using chi-square test or Fisher\'s exact test.
RESULTS: Fifty-four 4-year colleges and universities were identified. A plurality or the majority of schools were considered small (41%) and urban (48%) and had a religious affiliation (61%). Thirty-three percent of colleges and universities had an on-campus pharmacy. The most frequent contraceptives offered were condoms (43%), oral contraceptives (33%), and medroxyprogesterone injections (22%). Emergency contraception was available at approximately one-third of colleges and universities. Six percent of institutions provided a full range of contraceptive methods. Contraceptives were offered more frequently at large, public, urban institutions, whereas religious institutions and smaller institutions were less likely to offer contraceptives.
CONCLUSIONS: Access to on-campus contraception for college students in NC is lacking, and the vast majority of institutions did not provide a full range of contraceptives. Policy measures, such as enhancing reproductive health services at student health centers or increasing contraception availability directly through pharmacies, are needed to improve access for college students.
METHODS: This institutional review board-exempt study evaluated availability of on-campus contraceptives including condoms; hormonal contraceptives including pills, patches, and vaginal rings; medroxyprogesterone injections; implants; intrauterine devices; and emergency contraception via website review. Institutions were stratified by characteristics including size, location, type (e.g., public, private, religious affiliation, historically black colleges and universities, women\'s colleges), and presence of a student health pharmacy. Comparisons were made using chi-square test or Fisher\'s exact test.
RESULTS: Fifty-four 4-year colleges and universities were identified. A plurality or the majority of schools were considered small (41%) and urban (48%) and had a religious affiliation (61%). Thirty-three percent of colleges and universities had an on-campus pharmacy. The most frequent contraceptives offered were condoms (43%), oral contraceptives (33%), and medroxyprogesterone injections (22%). Emergency contraception was available at approximately one-third of colleges and universities. Six percent of institutions provided a full range of contraceptive methods. Contraceptives were offered more frequently at large, public, urban institutions, whereas religious institutions and smaller institutions were less likely to offer contraceptives.
CONCLUSIONS: Access to on-campus contraception for college students in NC is lacking, and the vast majority of institutions did not provide a full range of contraceptives. Policy measures, such as enhancing reproductive health services at student health centers or increasing contraception availability directly through pharmacies, are needed to improve access for college students.
摘要：
目标：意外怀孕在大学生中更频繁发生，并对健康结果和教育程度产生负面影响。这项研究调查了北卡罗来纳州所有四年制学院和大学的校内避孕药具的使用情况。
方法：这项IRB豁免研究评估了校园避孕药具的可用性，包括避孕套，荷尔蒙避孕药包括药丸，补丁,和阴道环，甲羟孕酮注射液，植入物,宫内节育器,并通过网站审查紧急避孕。机构按包括规模在内的特征分层，location,类型(例如，public,私人,宗教信仰,历史上黑人学院和大学（HBCU），女子学院)和学生健康药房的存在。使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验进行比较。
结果：确定了54所四年制学院和大学。多个或大多数学校被认为是小型的（41％），城市（48%），有宗教信仰(61%)。33%的学院和大学拥有校园药房。最常见的避孕药具是避孕套(43%)，口服避孕药（33%），和甲羟孕酮注射(22%)。大约三分之一的学院和大学都有紧急避孕药。6%的机构提供了全方位的避孕方法。避孕药更频繁地提供，public,城市机构，而宗教机构和较小的机构不太可能提供避孕药具。
结论：北卡罗来纳州大学生缺乏校内避孕方法，绝大多数机构没有提供全方位的避孕药具。政策措施,例如加强学生健康中心的生殖健康服务或直接通过药房增加避孕服务，需要改善大学生的入学机会。
方法：这项IRB豁免研究评估了校园避孕药具的可用性，包括避孕套，荷尔蒙避孕药包括药丸，补丁,和阴道环，甲羟孕酮注射液，植入物,宫内节育器,并通过网站审查紧急避孕。机构按包括规模在内的特征分层，location,类型(例如，public,私人,宗教信仰,历史上黑人学院和大学（HBCU），女子学院)和学生健康药房的存在。使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验进行比较。
结果：确定了54所四年制学院和大学。多个或大多数学校被认为是小型的（41％），城市（48%），有宗教信仰(61%)。33%的学院和大学拥有校园药房。最常见的避孕药具是避孕套(43%)，口服避孕药（33%），和甲羟孕酮注射(22%)。大约三分之一的学院和大学都有紧急避孕药。6%的机构提供了全方位的避孕方法。避孕药更频繁地提供，public,城市机构，而宗教机构和较小的机构不太可能提供避孕药具。
结论：北卡罗来纳州大学生缺乏校内避孕方法，绝大多数机构没有提供全方位的避孕药具。政策措施,例如加强学生健康中心的生殖健康服务或直接通过药房增加避孕服务，需要改善大学生的入学机会。
