Abstract：
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from animal manure has raised concerns about the potential threats to public health. The bioconversion of animal manure with insect larvae, such as the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens [L.]), is a promising technology for quickly attenuating ARB while also recycling waste. In this study, we investigated BSFL conversion systems for chicken manure. Using metagenomic analysis, we tracked ARB and evaluated the resistome dissemination risk by investigating the co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial taxa in a genetic context. Our results indicated that BSFL treatment effectively mitigated the relative abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs by 34.9%, 53.3%, and 37.9%, respectively, within 28 days. Notably, the transferable ARGs decreased by 30.9%, indicating that BSFL treatment could mitigate the likelihood of ARG horizontal transfer and thus reduce the risk of ARB occurrence. In addition, the significantly positive correlation links between antimicrobial concentration and relative abundance of ARB reduced by 44.4%. Moreover, using variance partition analysis (VPA), we identified other bacteria as the most important factor influencing ARB, explaining 20.6% of the ARB patterns. Further analysis suggested that antagonism of other bacteria on ARB increased by 1.4 times, while nutrient competition on both total nitrogen and crude fat increased by 2.8 times. Overall, these findings provide insight into the mechanistic understanding of ARB reduction during BSFL treatment of chicken manure and provide a strategy for rapidly mitigating ARB in animal manure.
摘要：
来自动物粪便的抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）的日益流行引起了人们对公共健康的潜在威胁的担忧。用昆虫幼虫生物转化动物粪便，如黑色士兵苍蝇幼虫(BSFL，厄尔梅蒂亚(Hermetiaillucens)[L.]),是一种有前途的技术，可以快速衰减ARB，同时回收废物。在这项研究中,我们研究了鸡粪的BSFL转化系统。使用宏基因组分析，我们跟踪ARB，并通过调查抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的共同出现来评估耐药性传播风险，移动遗传元件(MGEs)，和遗传背景下的细菌分类群。我们的结果表明，BSFL治疗有效地减轻了ARB的相对丰度，ARGs,和MGE下降34.9%，53.3%,和37.9%，分别,28天内。值得注意的是,可转移ARG减少了30.9%，表明BSFL治疗可以降低ARG水平转移的可能性，从而降低ARB发生的风险。此外,抗菌药物浓度与ARB相对丰度之间的显着正相关关系降低了44.4％。此外，使用方差分区分析(VPA)，我们确定其他细菌是影响ARB的最重要因素，解释了20.6%的ARB模式。进一步分析表明，其他细菌对ARB的拮抗作用增加了1.4倍，总氮和粗脂肪的营养竞争增加了2.8倍。总的来说,这些发现为了解BSFL处理鸡粪过程中ARB减少的机理提供了见解，并为快速减轻动物粪便中的ARB提供了策略。
