PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe the nutritional quality and environmental impact of self-selected diets of adults in France in relation to their fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes.
METHODS: Estimates of food and nutrient intakes were taken from the national INCA3 Survey on food intakes carried out in France in 2014-2015. The population (n = 2121 adults) was split into five quintiles of FV intakes, in g/d (Q1 representing the lowest intake, and Q5 the highest). The nutritional quality of diets was assessed through 4 indicators: mean adequacy ratio (MAR), solid energy density, mean excess ratio (MER) and Programme National Nutrition Santé guideline score 2 (PNNS-GS2). The environmental impacts were measured with environmental footprint (EF) scores and 4 additional indicators: climate change, ozone depletion, fine particulate matter and water use. Indicators were compared between quintiles. Analysis was conducted on diets adjusted to 2000 kcal.
RESULTS: MAR and PNNS-GS2 increased with increased FV quintiles, while solid energy density decreased. Fibre, potassium, vitamin B9 and vitamin C densities increased with increasing FV intakes. Climate change, ozone depletion and fine particulate matter impacts of diets decreased with increasing quintiles of FV consumption. Conversely, water use impact increased.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of FV is associated with higher nutritional quality of diets and lower environmental impact, except for water use. Given the benefits of fruit and vegetables for human health and the environment, their negative impact on water use could be improved by working on the agricultural upstream, rather than by changing individuals\' food choices and reducing their consumption.
METHODS: Estimates of food and nutrient intakes were taken from the national INCA3 Survey on food intakes carried out in France in 2014-2015. The population (n = 2121 adults) was split into five quintiles of FV intakes, in g/d (Q1 representing the lowest intake, and Q5 the highest). The nutritional quality of diets was assessed through 4 indicators: mean adequacy ratio (MAR), solid energy density, mean excess ratio (MER) and Programme National Nutrition Santé guideline score 2 (PNNS-GS2). The environmental impacts were measured with environmental footprint (EF) scores and 4 additional indicators: climate change, ozone depletion, fine particulate matter and water use. Indicators were compared between quintiles. Analysis was conducted on diets adjusted to 2000 kcal.
RESULTS: MAR and PNNS-GS2 increased with increased FV quintiles, while solid energy density decreased. Fibre, potassium, vitamin B9 and vitamin C densities increased with increasing FV intakes. Climate change, ozone depletion and fine particulate matter impacts of diets decreased with increasing quintiles of FV consumption. Conversely, water use impact increased.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of FV is associated with higher nutritional quality of diets and lower environmental impact, except for water use. Given the benefits of fruit and vegetables for human health and the environment, their negative impact on water use could be improved by working on the agricultural upstream, rather than by changing individuals\' food choices and reducing their consumption.
摘要：
目的：描述法国成年人自选饮食对水果和蔬菜（FV）摄入量的营养质量和环境影响。
方法：食物和营养素摄入量的估算来自2014-2015年在法国进行的全国INCA3食物摄入量调查。人口（n=2121名成年人）分为五个五分之一的FV摄入量，以g/d为单位(Q1代表最低摄入量，和Q5最高）。通过4个指标评估饮食的营养质量：平均充足率（MAR），固体能量密度，平均超额比率（MER）和国家营养计划指南评分2（PNNS-GS2）。用环境足迹(EF)评分和4个额外指标衡量环境影响：气候变化，臭氧消耗,细颗粒物和水的使用。在五分位数之间比较了指标。对调整至2000kcal的饮食进行分析。
结果：MAR和PNNS-GS2随着FV五分位数的增加而增加，而固体能量密度下降。纤维,钾，维生素B9和维生素C密度随着FV摄入量的增加而增加。气候变化,臭氧消耗和细颗粒物对饮食的影响随着FV消费量的增加而减少。相反，用水影响增加。
结论：较高的FV摄入量与较高的饮食营养质量和较低的环境影响相关，除了用水。鉴于水果和蔬菜对人类健康和环境的好处，它们对用水的负面影响可以通过在农业上游工作来改善，而不是通过改变个人的食物选择和减少他们的消费。
方法：食物和营养素摄入量的估算来自2014-2015年在法国进行的全国INCA3食物摄入量调查。人口（n=2121名成年人）分为五个五分之一的FV摄入量，以g/d为单位(Q1代表最低摄入量，和Q5最高）。通过4个指标评估饮食的营养质量：平均充足率（MAR），固体能量密度，平均超额比率（MER）和国家营养计划指南评分2（PNNS-GS2）。用环境足迹(EF)评分和4个额外指标衡量环境影响：气候变化，臭氧消耗,细颗粒物和水的使用。在五分位数之间比较了指标。对调整至2000kcal的饮食进行分析。
结果：MAR和PNNS-GS2随着FV五分位数的增加而增加，而固体能量密度下降。纤维,钾，维生素B9和维生素C密度随着FV摄入量的增加而增加。气候变化,臭氧消耗和细颗粒物对饮食的影响随着FV消费量的增加而减少。相反，用水影响增加。
结论：较高的FV摄入量与较高的饮食营养质量和较低的环境影响相关，除了用水。鉴于水果和蔬菜对人类健康和环境的好处，它们对用水的负面影响可以通过在农业上游工作来改善，而不是通过改变个人的食物选择和减少他们的消费。
