PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major pig pathogen worldwide with zoonotic potential. Though different research groups have contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis infections in recent years, there are still numerous neglected research topics requiring animal infection trials. Of note, animal experiments are crucial to develop a cross-protective vaccine which is highly needed in the field. Due to the severe clinical signs associated with S. suis pathologies such as meningitis and arthritis, implementation of refinement is very important to reduce pain and distress of experimentally infected pigs. This review highlights the great diversity of clinical signs and courses of disease after experimental S. suis pig infections. We review clinical read out parameters and refinement strategies in experimental S. suis pig infections published between 2000 and 2021. Currently, substantial differences exist in describing clinical monitoring and humane endpoints. Most of the reviewed studies set the body temperature threshold of fever as high as 40.5°C. Monitoring intervals vary mainly between daily, twice a day and three times a day. Only a few studies apply scoring systems. Published scoring systems are inconsistent in their inclusion of parameters such as body temperature, feeding behavior, and respiratory signs. Locomotion and central nervous system signs are more common clinical scoring parameters in different studies by various research groups. As the heterogenicity in clinical monitoring limits the comparability between studies we hope to initiate a discussion with this review leading to an agreement on clinical read out parameters and monitoring intervals among S. suis research groups.
摘要：
猪链球菌（S.suis）是世界范围内具有人畜共患潜力的主要猪病原体。尽管近年来不同的研究小组对猪链球菌感染的发病机理有了更好的了解，仍然有许多被忽视的研究课题需要动物感染试验。值得注意的是，动物实验对于开发该领域非常需要的交叉保护性疫苗至关重要。由于严重的临床症状与S.suis病理如脑膜炎和关节炎，实施细化对减轻实验感染猪的痛苦和痛苦非常重要。这篇综述强调了实验性猪链球菌感染后临床症状和病程的多样性。我们回顾了2000年至2021年间发表的实验性猪链球菌感染的临床读出参数和改进策略。目前,在描述临床监测和人道终点方面存在实质性差异。大多数审查的研究将发烧的体温阈值设定为高达40.5°C。监测间隔主要在每天、一天两次，一天三次。只有少数研究应用评分系统。已发布的评分系统在包含体温等参数方面不一致，喂养行为，和呼吸体征。在不同研究小组的不同研究中，运动和中枢神经系统体征是更常见的临床评分参数。由于临床监测中的异质性限制了研究之间的可比性，我们希望与这篇综述进行讨论，从而就S.suis研究小组之间的临床读出参数和监测间隔达成协议。
