Abstract：
Among the alternatives to synthetic plant protection products, biocontrol appears as a promising method. This review reports on the diversity of fungal secondary metabolites phytotoxic to weeds and on the approach generally used to extract, characterize, identify and exploit them for weed management. The 183 phytotoxic fungal secondary metabolites discussed in this review fall into five main classes of molecules: 61 polyketides, 53 terpenoids, 36 nitrogenous metabolites, 18 phenols and phenolic acids, and 15 miscellaneous. They are mainly produced by the genera Drechslera, Fusarium and Alternaria. The phytotoxic effects, more often described by the symptoms they produce on plants than by their mode of action, range from inhibition of germination to inhibition of root and vegetative growth, including tissue and organ alterations. The biochemical characterization of fungal secondary metabolites requires expertise and tools to carry out fungal cultivation and metabolite extraction, phytotoxicity tests, purification and fractionation of the extracts, and chemical identification procedures. Phytotoxicity tests are mainly carried out under controlled laboratory conditions (not always on whole plants), while effectiveness against targeted weeds and environmental impacts must be assessed in greenhouses and open fields. These steps are necessary for the formulation of effective, environment-friendly fungal secondary metabolites-derived bioherbicides using new technologies such as nanomaterials. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
摘要：
在合成植物保护产品的替代品中，生物控制似乎是一种有前途的方法。这篇综述报道了对杂草有植物毒性的真菌次生代谢产物的多样性以及通常用于提取的方法，表征，识别并利用它们进行杂草管理。这篇综述中讨论的183种植物毒性真菌次生代谢物分为五大类分子：61种聚酮化合物，53萜类化合物，36种含氮代谢物，18酚和酚酸，和15个杂项。它们主要由Drechslera属生产，镰刀菌和链格孢菌。植物毒性作用，更多的是通过它们在植物上产生的症状来描述，而不是通过它们的作用方式来描述，从抑制发芽到抑制根和营养生长，包括组织和器官改变。真菌次生代谢物的生化特征需要专业知识和工具来进行真菌培养和代谢物提取，植物毒性试验，提取物的纯化和分馏，和化学鉴定程序。植物毒性试验主要在受控的实验室条件下进行（并非总是在整个植物上），而对目标杂草和环境影响的有效性必须在温室和开放领域进行评估。这些步骤对于制定有效的，环境友好的真菌次级代谢产物-使用纳米材料等新技术衍生的生物除草剂。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。
