Abstract：
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has harmful impacts on various organs, including the intestine. Lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated the impact of PFOS on the mucosa of the jejunum of rats and evaluated LGEO\'s protective impact. Four groups of rats were created: control, LGEO (100 mg/kg/day), PFOS (5 mg/kg/day), and LGEO-PFOS group. The agents were given orally for 28 days. Oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 were measured in jejunal homogenates. Rat jejunal sections were evaluated histologically (light and electron microscopic examination) and immunohistochemically [for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and Bcl2]. PFOS significantly elevated oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, caspase-3, and gene expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). The disturbed architecture of jejunal villi and crypts was demonstrated. Immunohistochemically, a significant rise in TNF-α, PCNA, and COX2 and a significant decrease in Bcl2 expression were revealed compared to control group. Further ultrastructural alterations included dilated RER, mitochondria with destroyed cristae, vacuolated cytoplasm, and shrunken condensed nuclei of enterocytes. LGEO treatment significantly reduced these harmful effects. LGEO protected against PFOS-induced jejunal damage by reducing the oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic impacts.
摘要：
全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）对各种器官有有害影响，包括肠道.柠檬草精油（LGEO）具有抗炎作用，抗氧化剂，抗菌，和免疫调节作用。这项研究调查了全氟辛烷磺酸对大鼠空肠粘膜的影响，并评估了LGEO的保护作用。创建四组大鼠：对照组，LGEO（100mg/kg/天），全氟辛烷磺酸（5毫克/千克/天），和LGEO-PFOS组。药物口服给药28天。氧化应激参数，促炎细胞因子，在空肠匀浆中测量caspase-3。对大鼠空肠切片进行组织学（光镜和电子显微镜检查）和免疫组织化学评估[肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA),环氧合酶-2（COX2），和Bcl2]。全氟辛烷磺酸显著升高氧化应激，促炎细胞因子，caspase-3和核因子κB（NF-kB）和诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）的基因表达。证明了空肠绒毛和隐窝的结构受到干扰。免疫组织化学，TNF-α显著升高,PCNA,与对照组相比，COX2和Bcl2表达显着降低。进一步的超微结构改变包括扩张的RER，线粒体被破坏了，空泡细胞质，和缩小的肠上皮细胞凝聚核。LGEO治疗显著减少了这些有害影响。LGEO通过减少氧化来防止全氟辛烷磺酸引起的空肠损伤，炎症，和凋亡的影响。
