Abstract：
CONCLUSIONS: The study of the origin, evolution, and diversification of the wall-associated kinase gene family in plants facilitates their functional investigations in the future. Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) make up one subfamily of receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and function directly in plant cell elongation and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The biological functions of WAKs have been extensively characterized in angiosperms; however, the origin and evolutionary history of the WAK family in green plants remain unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the WAK family to reveal its origin, evolution, and diversification in green plants. In total, 1061 WAK genes were identified in 37 species from unicellular algae to multicellular plants, and the results showed that WAK genes probably originated before bryophyte differentiation and were widely distributed in land plants, especially angiosperms. The phylogeny indicated that the land plant WAKs gave rise to five clades and underwent lineage-specific expansion after species differentiation. Cis-acting elements and expression patterns analyses of WAK genes in Arabidopsis and rice demonstrated the functional diversity of WAK genes in these two species. Many gene gains and losses have occurred in angiosperms, leading to an increase in the number of gene copies. The evolutionary trajectory of the WAK family during polyploidization was uncovered using Gossypium species. Our results provide insights into the evolution of WAK genes in green plants, facilitating their functional investigations in the future.
摘要：
结论：对起源的研究，进化,植物中与壁相关的激酶基因家族的多样化促进了它们将来的功能研究。壁相关激酶（WAKs）构成受体样激酶（RLKs）的一个亚家族，并直接在植物细胞伸长和对生物和非生物胁迫的反应中起作用。WAKs的生物学功能在被子植物中得到了广泛的表征；然而，绿色植物中WAK家族的起源和进化史尚不清楚。这里,我们对WAK家族进行了全面分析，以揭示其起源，进化,以及绿色植物的多样化。总的来说,在从单细胞藻类到多细胞植物的37个物种中鉴定出1061个WAK基因，结果表明，WAK基因可能起源于苔藓植物分化之前，并广泛分布在陆地植物中，尤其是被子植物.系统发育表明，陆地植物WAKs产生了五个进化枝，并在物种分化后进行了谱系特异性扩展。拟南芥和水稻中WAK基因的顺式作用元件和表达模式分析证明了WAK基因在这两个物种中的功能多样性。许多基因的得失发生在被子植物中,导致基因拷贝数的增加。使用棉属物种发现了WAK家族在多倍体化过程中的进化轨迹。我们的结果为绿色植物中WAK基因的进化提供了见解，促进他们将来的功能调查。
