PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Anopheles funestus, the main malaria vector, prefer to oviposit in permanent and/or semi-permanent breeding habitats located far from human dwellings. Difficulties in identifying and accessing these habitats jeopardize the feasibility of conventional larviciding. In this way, a semi-field study was conducted to assess the potential of autodissemination of pyriproxyfen (PPF) by An. funestus for its control.
METHODS: The study was conducted inside a semi-field system (SFS). Therein, two identical separate chambers, the treatment chamber with a PPF-treated clay pot (0.25 g AI), and the control chamber with an untreated clay pot. In both chambers, one artificial breeding habitat made of a plastic basin with one litre of water was provided. Three hundred blood-fed female An. funestus aged 5-9 days were held inside untreated and treated clay pots for 30 min and 48 h before being released for oviposition. The impact of PPF on adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility through autodissemination and sterilization effects were assessed by comparing the treatment with its appropriate control group.
RESULTS: Mean (95% CI) percentage of adult emergence was 15.5% (14.9-16.1%) and 70.3% (69-71%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 30 min (p < 0.001); and 19% (12-28%) and 95% (88-98%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 48 h (p < 0.001) respectively. Eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes and their hatch rate were significantly reduced compared to unexposed mosquitoes (p < 0.001). Approximately, 90% of females exposed for 48 h retained abnormal ovarian follicles and only 42% in females exposed for 30 min.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated sterilization and adult emergence inhibition via autodissemination of PPF by An. funestus. Also, it offers proof that sterilized An. funestus can transfer PPF to prevent adult emergence at breeding habitats. These findings warrant further assessment of the autodissemination of PPF in controlling wild population of An. funestus, and highlights its potential for complementing long-lasting insecticidal nets.
METHODS: The study was conducted inside a semi-field system (SFS). Therein, two identical separate chambers, the treatment chamber with a PPF-treated clay pot (0.25 g AI), and the control chamber with an untreated clay pot. In both chambers, one artificial breeding habitat made of a plastic basin with one litre of water was provided. Three hundred blood-fed female An. funestus aged 5-9 days were held inside untreated and treated clay pots for 30 min and 48 h before being released for oviposition. The impact of PPF on adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility through autodissemination and sterilization effects were assessed by comparing the treatment with its appropriate control group.
RESULTS: Mean (95% CI) percentage of adult emergence was 15.5% (14.9-16.1%) and 70.3% (69-71%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 30 min (p < 0.001); and 19% (12-28%) and 95% (88-98%) in the PPF and control chamber for females exposed for 48 h (p < 0.001) respectively. Eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes and their hatch rate were significantly reduced compared to unexposed mosquitoes (p < 0.001). Approximately, 90% of females exposed for 48 h retained abnormal ovarian follicles and only 42% in females exposed for 30 min.
CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated sterilization and adult emergence inhibition via autodissemination of PPF by An. funestus. Also, it offers proof that sterilized An. funestus can transfer PPF to prevent adult emergence at breeding habitats. These findings warrant further assessment of the autodissemination of PPF in controlling wild population of An. funestus, and highlights its potential for complementing long-lasting insecticidal nets.
摘要：
背景：按蚊，主要的疟疾病媒，更喜欢在远离人类住宅的永久性和/或半永久性繁殖栖息地中产卵。识别和进入这些栖息地的困难危及了常规幼虫的可行性。这样,进行了一项半现场研究，以评估An对吡丙醚（PPF）的自动传播潜力。funestus为它的控制。
方法：本研究在半场系统（SFS）内进行。其中,两个相同的独立室，带有PPF处理过的陶罐（0.25gAI）的处理室，和带有未经处理的陶罐的控制室。在两个房间里，提供了一个由塑料盆和一升水制成的人工繁殖栖息地。三百名用血喂养的女性安。将5-9天的funestus放在未经处理和处理的陶罐中30分钟和48小时，然后释放产卵。PPF对成人出苗的影响，繁殖力，通过将治疗与适当的对照组进行比较来评估通过自动传播和灭菌效果的生育力。
结果：对于暴露30分钟（p<0.001）的女性，PPF和对照室中成年出苗的平均（95％CI）百分比为15.5％（14.9-16.1％）和70.3％（69-71％）；对于暴露48小时（p<0.001）的女性，PPF和对照室中分别为19％（12-28％）和95％（88-98％与未暴露的蚊子相比，暴露的蚊子产卵及其孵化率显着降低（p<0.001）。大约,暴露48小时的女性中有90％保留了异常的卵泡，暴露30分钟的女性中只有42％。
结论：该研究证明了通过An自动传播PPF的灭菌和成人出苗抑制。funestus.此外，它提供了消毒的证据。funestus可以转移PPF以防止成年在繁殖栖息地出现。这些发现保证了对PPF在控制An野生种群中的自动传播的进一步评估。funestus,并强调了其补充长效杀虫网的潜力。
方法：本研究在半场系统（SFS）内进行。其中,两个相同的独立室，带有PPF处理过的陶罐（0.25gAI）的处理室，和带有未经处理的陶罐的控制室。在两个房间里，提供了一个由塑料盆和一升水制成的人工繁殖栖息地。三百名用血喂养的女性安。将5-9天的funestus放在未经处理和处理的陶罐中30分钟和48小时，然后释放产卵。PPF对成人出苗的影响，繁殖力，通过将治疗与适当的对照组进行比较来评估通过自动传播和灭菌效果的生育力。
结果：对于暴露30分钟（p<0.001）的女性，PPF和对照室中成年出苗的平均（95％CI）百分比为15.5％（14.9-16.1％）和70.3％（69-71％）；对于暴露48小时（p<0.001）的女性，PPF和对照室中分别为19％（12-28％）和95％（88-98％与未暴露的蚊子相比，暴露的蚊子产卵及其孵化率显着降低（p<0.001）。大约,暴露48小时的女性中有90％保留了异常的卵泡，暴露30分钟的女性中只有42％。
结论：该研究证明了通过An自动传播PPF的灭菌和成人出苗抑制。funestus.此外，它提供了消毒的证据。funestus可以转移PPF以防止成年在繁殖栖息地出现。这些发现保证了对PPF在控制An野生种群中的自动传播的进一步评估。funestus,并强调了其补充长效杀虫网的潜力。
