PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Dingoes arrived in Australia during the mid-Holocene and are the top-order terrestrial predator on the continent. Although dingoes subsequently spread across the continent, the initial founding population(s) could have been small. We investigated this hypothesis by sequencing the whole genomes of three dingoes and also obtaining the genome data from nine additional dingoes and 56 canines, including wolves, village dogs and breed dogs, and examined the signatures of bottlenecks and founder effects. We found that the nucleotide diversity of dingoes was low, 36% less than highly inbred breed dogs and 3.3 times lower than wolves. The number of runs of homozygosity (RoH) segments in dingoes was 1.6-4.7 times higher than in other canines. While examining deleterious mutational load, we observed that dingoes carried elevated ratios of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous diversities, significantly higher numbers of homozygous deleterious Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), and increased numbers of loss of function SNVs, compared to breed dogs, village dogs, and wolves. Our findings can be explained by bottlenecks and founder effects during the establishment of dingoes in mainland Australia. These findings highlight the need for conservation-based management of dingoes and the need for wildlife managers to be cognisant of these findings when considering the use of lethal control measures across the landscape.
摘要：
丁狗在全新世中期到达澳大利亚，是该大陆上的顶级陆地捕食者。尽管野狗随后在整个大陆蔓延，最初的创始人口可能很小。我们通过对三个野狗的整个基因组进行测序，并从另外九个野狗和56只犬中获得基因组数据，来研究这一假设。包括狼,乡村狗和繁殖狗，并检查了瓶颈和创始人效应的签名。我们发现野狗的核苷酸多样性很低，比高度近交品种的狗低36%，比狼低3.3倍。野狗中纯合性（RoH）片段的运行数是其他犬类的1.6-4.7倍。在检查有害的突变负荷时，我们观察到dingoes具有较高的非同义对同义多样性比率，纯合有害单核苷酸变体（SNV）的数量显着增加，以及功能丧失SNV的数量增加，与品种狗相比，村里的狗,和狼。我们的发现可以通过在澳大利亚大陆建立dingoes期间的瓶颈和创始人效应来解释。这些发现强调了对野狗进行基于保护的管理的必要性，以及在考虑在整个景观中使用致命控制措施时，野生动植物管理者需要认识到这些发现。
