Abstract：
Synthetic cells are artificial systems that resemble natural cells. Significant efforts have been made over the years to construct synthetic protocells that can mimic biological mechanisms and perform various complex processes. These include compartmentalization, metabolism, energy supply, communication, and gene reproduction. Cell motility is also of great importance, as nature uses elegant mechanisms for intracellular trafficking, immune response, and embryogenesis. In this review, we discuss the motility of synthetic cells made from lipid vesicles and relevant molecular mechanisms. Synthetic cell motion may be classified into surface-based or solution-based depending on whether it involves interactions with surfaces or movement in fluids. Collective migration behaviors have also been demonstrated. The swarm motion requires additional mechanisms for intercellular signaling and directional motility that enable communication and coordination among the synthetic vesicles. In addition, intracellular trafficking for molecular transport has been reconstituted in minimal cells with the help of DNA nanotechnology. These efforts demonstrate synthetic cells that can move, detect, respond, and interact. We envision that new developments in protocell motility will enhance our understanding of biological processes and be instrumental in bioengineering and therapeutic applications.
摘要：
合成细胞是类似于天然细胞的人造系统。多年来，人们已经做出了巨大的努力来构建可以模拟生物机制并执行各种复杂过程的合成原始细胞。这些包括分隔，新陈代谢，能源供应,通信,和基因繁殖。细胞运动也非常重要，由于自然界使用优雅的机制进行细胞内运输，免疫反应，和胚胎发生。在这次审查中,我们讨论了由脂质囊泡制成的合成细胞的运动和相关的分子机制。合成细胞运动可以根据其是否涉及与表面的相互作用或流体中的运动而分为基于表面的或基于溶液的。集体迁移行为也得到了证明。群体运动需要用于细胞间信号传导和定向运动性的额外机制，以实现合成囊泡之间的交流和协调。此外,在DNA纳米技术的帮助下，用于分子运输的细胞内运输已经在最小的细胞中重建。这些努力证明了合成细胞可以移动，检测，回应,和互动。我们设想，原始细胞运动性的新发展将增强我们对生物过程的理解，并有助于生物工程和治疗应用。
