Abstract：
The escalating global prevalence of antimicrobial resistance poses a critical threat, prompting concerns about its impact on public health. This predicament is exacerbated by the acute shortage of novel antimicrobial agents, a scarcity attributed to the rapid surge in bacterial resistance. This review delves into the realm of antimicrobial peptides, a diverse class of compounds ubiquitously present in plants and animals across various natural organisms. Renowned for their intrinsic antibacterial activity, these peptides provide a promising avenue to tackle the intricate challenge of bacterial resistance. However, the clinical utility of peptide-based drugs is hindered by limited bioavailability and susceptibility to rapid degradation, constraining efforts to enhance the efficacy of bacterial infection treatments. The emergence of nanocarriers marks a transformative approach poised to revolutionize peptide delivery strategies. This review elucidates a promising framework involving nanocarriers within the realm of antimicrobial peptides. This paradigm enables meticulous and controlled peptide release at infection sites by detecting dynamic shifts in microenvironmental factors, including pH, ROS, GSH, and reactive enzymes. Furthermore, a glimpse into the future reveals the potential of targeted delivery mechanisms, harnessing inflammatory responses and intricate signaling pathways, including adenosine triphosphate, macrophage receptors, and pathogenic nucleic acid entities. This approach holds promise in fortifying immunity, thereby amplifying the potency of peptide-based treatments. In summary, this review spotlights peptide nanosystems as prospective solutions for combating bacterial infections. By bridging antimicrobial peptides with advanced nanomedicine, a new therapeutic era emerges, poised to confront the formidable challenge of antimicrobial resistance head-on.
摘要：
抗菌素耐药性的全球流行率不断上升构成了严重威胁，引起人们对其对公共卫生影响的担忧。这种困境是加剧了新的抗微生物剂的严重短缺，稀缺归因于细菌耐药性的快速激增。这篇综述深入探讨了抗菌肽的领域，各种各样的化合物普遍存在于各种天然生物的植物和动物中。以其固有的抗菌活性而闻名，这些肽为解决细菌耐药性的复杂挑战提供了有希望的途径。然而,基于肽的药物的临床效用受到有限的生物利用度和对快速降解的敏感性的阻碍，限制了提高细菌感染治疗疗效的努力。纳米载体的出现标志着一种变革性方法，有望彻底改变肽递送策略。这篇综述阐明了抗菌肽领域中涉及纳米载体的有前途的框架。这种范例通过检测微环境因素的动态变化，能够在感染部位进行细致和受控的肽释放。包括pH值,ROS,GSH,和反应性酶。此外，对未来的一瞥揭示了有针对性的交付机制的潜力，利用炎症反应和复杂的信号通路，包括三磷酸腺苷,巨噬细胞受体，和致病性核酸实体。这种方法有希望加强豁免权，从而放大了基于肽的治疗的效力。总之,这篇综述聚焦肽纳米系统作为对抗细菌感染的前瞻性解决方案。通过将抗菌肽与先进的纳米医学连接起来，一个新的治疗时代出现了，准备直面抗菌素耐药性的巨大挑战。
