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Abstract：
Global food safety and security are key principles to be followed in the context of the implementation of food safety management systems. The objective of this paper is to assess the contemporary developments of Food Safety Management System standards (FSMS) worldwide and to identify the primary constraints and advantages associated with their implementation by small and medium-sized enterprises across different regions. The effectiveness of these systems has also been evaluated. 116 case studies have been employed across developing and developed regions worldwide across 27 primary food sectors. After the implementation of FSMS, there was a significant increase in the percentage of companies that have implemented the international FSMS, both in developed (16.7% to 63.9%) and developing countries (26.6% to 48.1%). Certification has also increased from 34.2% to 59.6% in the total sample, namely from 33.3% to 61.1% in developed countries and from 34.6% to 59.0% in developing countries. There was a significant increase in medium vs. small company size (57.1% to 62.3%, p = 0.046), only in developing countries. Food safety culture and manager leadership implementation were increased to over 80% after FSMS implementation in both developed and developing countries (p < 0.001). Training, resources, and technology adequacy were also increased in all companies (p < 0.001).
摘要：
全球食品安全和保障是实施食品安全管理体系时应遵循的关键原则。本文的目的是评估全球食品安全管理体系标准（FSMS）的当代发展，并确定与不同地区中小企业实施这些标准相关的主要制约因素和优势。还评估了这些系统的有效性。在全球27个初级食品部门的发展中和发达地区进行了116个案例研究。FSMS实施后，实施国际FSMS的公司比例显着增加，发达国家(16.7%至63.9%)和发展中国家(26.6%至48.1%)。认证在总样本中也从34.2%上升至59.6%,发达国家从33.3%到61.1%，发展中国家从34.6%到59.0%。有一个显着增加中与小公司规模（57.1%至62.3%，p=0.046),只有在发展中国家。在发达国家和发展中国家实施FSMS后，食品安全文化和管理者领导力的实施增加到80％以上（p<0.001）。培训,资源,所有公司的技术充分性也有所提高(p<0.001)。
