PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Group movement leadership is associated with higher risks for those in the front. Leaders are the first to explore new areas and may be exposed to predation. Individual differences in risk-taking behavior may be related to hormonal differences. In challenging circumstances, such as risk-taking leadership that may pose a cost to the leader, cortisol is secreted both to increase the likelihood of survival by restoring homeostasis, and to mediate cooperative behavior. Testosterone too has a well-established role in risk-taking behavior, and the dual-hormone hypothesis posits that the interaction of testosterone and cortisol can predict social behavior. Based on the dual-hormone hypothesis, we investigated here whether the interaction between testosterone and cortisol can predict risk-taking leadership behavior in wild rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis). We used proximity loggers, observations, and playback trials to characterize hyrax leaders in three different leadership contexts that varied in their risk levels. In support of the dual-hormone hypothesis, we found that cortisol and testosterone interactions predict leadership that involves risk. Across different circumstances that involved low or high levels of risk, testosterone was positively related to leadership, but only in individuals (both males and females) with low levels of cortisol. We also found an interaction between these hormone levels and age at the low-risk scenarios. We suggest that the close social interactions and affiliative behavior among hyrax females within small egalitarian groups may make female leadership less risky, and therefore less stressful, and allow female leaders to influence group activities.
摘要：
对于那些在前线的人来说，群体运动领导力与更高的风险相关。领导者是第一个探索新领域的人，可能会遭受掠夺。冒险行为的个体差异可能与荷尔蒙差异有关。在充满挑战的环境中,比如可能给领导者带来成本的冒险领导，皮质醇的分泌都是为了通过恢复体内平衡来增加生存的可能性，并调解合作行为。睾酮在冒险行为中也有公认的作用，双激素假说认为睾酮和皮质醇的相互作用可以预测社会行为。基于双重激素假说,我们在这里调查了睾丸激素和皮质醇之间的相互作用是否可以预测野岩hyraxes（Procaviacapensis）的冒险领导行为。我们用了近距离记录器，观察,和回放试验，以描述hyrax领导者在三种不同的领导环境中的风险水平不同。为了支持双重激素假说,我们发现皮质醇和睾酮的相互作用可以预测涉及风险的领导能力.在涉及低或高风险的不同情况下，睾丸激素与领导力呈正相关，但仅限于皮质醇水平低的个体（男性和女性）。我们还发现，在低风险情况下，这些激素水平与年龄之间存在相互作用。我们建议，在小的平等群体中，小马拉克斯女性之间密切的社交互动和附属行为可能会降低女性领导的风险，因此压力较小，并允许女性领导人影响小组活动。
