Abstract：
Stray animals are unowned free roaming, homeless, abandoned, street or sheltered animals, particularly dogs, cats and cattle. They could act as carrier of several zoonotic pathogens such as rabies virus, Mycobacterium and Brucella species. However, comprehensive information on the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in stray animals is very limited. We conducted a systematic review as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle. Eligibility criteria for the study were determined using the PECOS classification (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, study design) as a tool to guide the research and adjust the search strategy. Major bibliographic databases [Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed] were searched using predefined keywords for published epidemiological studies on brucellosis in stray animals (dogs, cats and cattle). Systematic assessments of all the studies since 1990-2022 were conducted and those reporting the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle using appropriate diagnostic tests (culture, molecular, serological) were included. Studies reporting prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella infection or exposure) in kennel dogs, dairy herds, livestock farms, humans or marine species were excluded. The apparent individual test- wise prevalence along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using Epitools. Out of 2689 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of 37 studies, 28 (75.7%) were conducted in stray dogs, 7 (18.9%) in cattle and 2 (5.4%) in cats. Furthermore, only 21.62% studies (8/37) used probabilistic random sampling approaches and 13.51% studies (5/37) explained and justified the study sample size using appropriate methods for estimation of disease prevalence in the study populations. Higher sero-prevalence in stray dogs has been reported in studies conducted in Jordan (38.0% (95% CI: 24.0-54.0) and Pakistan (38.0% (95% CI: 31.0-45.0) whereas no sero-positivity was recorded in the studies conducted in Brazil, North Colombia, Cyprus, South Korea and USA. All studies on brucellosis (n = 7) in stray cattle were from India; conducted in stray cattle reared in cow-shelters. Sero-prevalence in the range of 4.3%- 64.3% was reported in stray cattle. Differences in diagnostic tests and host species, as well as limited number and non-randomized studies and high statistical heterogeneity did not allow us to determine combined meta-analysed prevalence estimates. Stray animals are likely to pose a zoonotic and disease spillover risk to human and livestock populations.
摘要：
流浪动物是无主的自由漫游，无家可归,被遗弃,街头或庇护动物，尤其是狗,猫和牛它们可以作为几种人畜共患病原体的载体，如狂犬病病毒，分枝杆菌和布鲁氏菌。然而,关于流浪动物中人畜共患病原体流行的综合信息非常有限。我们根据系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）2020指南的首选报告项目进行了系统评价，以估计流浪狗的布鲁氏菌病患病率。猫和牛使用PECOS分类(人群，暴露,比较,结果,研究设计)作为指导研究和调整搜索策略的工具。主要书目数据库[WebofScience，Medline,Scopus,ScienceDirect,GoogleScholar和PubMed]使用预定义的关键字进行搜索，以进行已发表的关于流浪动物布鲁氏菌病的流行病学研究（狗，猫和牛)。对1990-2022年以来的所有研究进行了系统评估，并报告了流浪狗的布鲁氏菌病患病率，使用适当的诊断测试的猫和牛(培养，分子，血清学）包括在内。报告狗舍犬布鲁氏菌病（布鲁氏菌感染或暴露）患病率的研究，奶牛群,牲畜农场,人类或海洋物种被排除在外。使用Epitools估计明显的个体测试患病率以及95%置信区间(CI)。在2689项研究中，37例符合纳入标准，被纳入系统评价。在37项研究中，28只(75.7%)在流浪狗中进行，牛7只（18.9%），猫2只（5.4%）。此外，只有21.62%的研究(8/37)使用概率随机抽样方法,13.51%的研究(5/37)使用适当的方法对研究样本量进行解释和证明其合理性,以估计研究人群中的疾病患病率.在约旦（38.0％（95％CI：24.0-54.0）和巴基斯坦（38.0％（95％CI：31.0-45.0））进行的研究中，流浪狗的血清患病率较高，而在巴西进行的研究中没有记录到血清阳性。北哥伦比亚,塞浦路斯,韩国和美国。所有关于流浪牛的布鲁氏菌病（n=7）的研究都来自印度；在牛棚饲养的流浪牛中进行。据报道，流浪牛的血清患病率在4.3％-64.3％之间。诊断测试和宿主物种的差异，数量有限,非随机研究和高度统计学异质性使我们无法确定合并的荟萃分析的患病率估计值.流浪动物可能对人类和牲畜种群构成人畜共患和疾病溢出风险。
